Iinkampani zanamhlanje zifuna indawo yeofisi eguquguqukayo nesebenzayo, isakhiwo sentsimbi isakhiwo seofisi sinika ukusebenza okuqinileyo kunye nokwakhiwa okukhawulezayo. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zisebenzisa izakhelo zentsimbi kwizakhiwo ukusuka kwi-500 m² ukuya kwi-20,000 m².
Ulwakhiwo lweSakhelo seNsimbi?
Izakhelo zentsimbiIxhasa indawo enkulu evulekileyo. Iiofisi ezininzi zifuna ubude obuziimitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngaphandle kweekholamu zangaphakathi. Imiqadi yentsimbi ifikelela kwezi zigaba ngokulula. Umqadi wekhonkrithi oqinisiweyo udla ngokufuna ubunzulu obungakumbi ubude obufanayo. Intsimbi ivumela uyilo olukhaphukhaphu. Imiqadi emininzi yentsimbi inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-20% kunemiqadi yekhonkrithi kwimisebenzi efanayo.
Iifreyimu zentsimbi ziyakhawulezisa ukwakhiwa. Abasebenzi bahlanganisa iindawo zentsimbi kwindawo ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zeofisi eziphakathi zigqiba isakhiwo kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-60. Iifreyimu zekhonkrithi zihlala zithatha ixesha elingaphezulu ngama-60% kuba zifuna ukuqiniswa. Intsimbi inciphisa umsebenzi wokumanzi kwindawo ngendawo. Oku kunciphisa nothuli nengxolo.
Iifreyimu zentsimbi ziyamelana kakuhle neenyikima. Amalungu amaninzi entsimbi ayaguquguquka ngaphandle kokuwa. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba izakhiwo zentsimbi zifunxa amandla angaphezu kwe-15% ukuya kwi-25% kunezakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Oku kukhusela isakhiwo ngexesha lokushukuma okunamandla. Iiofisi ezininzi kwiindawo ezinenyikima zikhetha intsimbi ngenxa yesi sizathu.
Intsimbi ixhasa utshintsho oluhlala ixesha elide. Iinkampani ezininzi zitshintsha uyilo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Iikholamu zentsimbi zivumela ukuhambahamba kokwahlulahlula kube lula. Iinkqubo zomgangatho zamkela iintambo ezongezelelweyo ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu. Olu tshintsho lunceda ekunciphiseni iindleko zokuhlaziya kwixesha elizayo nge-10% ukuya kwi-30%.
Izixhobo
Isakhiwo seofisi sesinyithi sisebenzisa izinto ezininzi. Isakhelo esiphambili sisebenzisa intsimbi yecandelo le-H okanye intsimbi yebhokisi. Intsimbi yecandelo le-H idla ngokufikelela kwinqanaba lokuqina le-Q235 okanye i-Q345. Ikholamu eqhelekileyo ibamba imithwalo ekufutshane ne-1500 kN. Umqadi womgangatho uhlala ubamba imithwalo ekufutshane ne-500 kN.
Inkqubo yomgangatho isebenzisa amaphepha edekhi kunye ne-concrete topping. Amaphepha amaninzi edekhi asebenzisa intsimbi egayiweyo eyi-0.8 mm ukuya kwi-1.2 mm. I-square meter yedekhi inobunzima obuyi-8 kg ukuya kwi-12 kg. Abasebenzi bathulula i-80 mm ukuya kwi-120 mm yekhonkrithi ngaphezulu kweshiti. Oku kudala isenzo esidibeneyo kwaye kwandisa amandla.
Izinto zodonga ziyahluka. Iiofisi ezininzi zisebenzisa izikhonkwane zentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu ezineebhodi zegypsum. Umaleko omnye webhodi yegypsum uhlala unobukhulu obumalunga ne-12 mm. Ezinye izakhiwo zisebenzisa iindonga zekhethini yeglasi. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iglasi eqinisiweyo eyi-6 mm ukuya kwi-12 mm. Isakhelo se-aluminium sibamba iiphaneli zeglasi.Inkqubo yodonga lweepaneli zesandwichKwakhona lukhetho olufanelekileyo.
Iinkqubo zophahla zisebenzisa iiphaneli zesandwich okanye amaphepha entsimbi ane-insulation. Iphaneli yesandwich ye-PU idla ngokusebenzisa i-50 mm ukuya kwi-100 mm yefoam. Uxinano lwefoam ludla ngokufikelela kwi-38 kg/m³ ukuya kwi-42 kg/m³. Oku kuphucula ulawulo lobushushu.
Ugquma lwangaphandle lusebenzisa iiphaneli ze-aluminiyam, iiphaneli zamatye, okanye iinkqubo zeglasi. Iiphaneli ze-aluminiyam zihlala zifikelela kubukhulu obuyi-3 mm. Iiphaneli ezininzi zamatye zifikelela kwi-20 mm. Ezi zinto zibonelela ngobomi obude kunye nenkangeleko entle.
Inkqubo yokudibanisa isebenzisa iibholiti ezinamandla aphezulu. Iibholiti ze-M20 kunye ne-M24 zihlala zixhaphakile. Iibholiti ezininzi zibamba uxinzelelo oluphantse lube yi-100 kN ukuya kwi-150 kN. Ii-welds zikwaxhasa iindawo ezibalulekileyo. Ubunzulu be-weld budla ngokufikelela kwi-6 mm ukuya kwi-10 mm.
Iingenelo
Izakhiwo zeeofisi zesakhiwo sentsimbi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinamandla. Isakhiwo sihlala silula. Isakhelo sentsimbi sidla ngokuba nobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-30% ukuya kuma-40% kunesakhelo sekhonkrithi. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zesiseko. Iziseko ezininzi zisebenzisa isakhelo esingaphantsi ngama-15% ukuya kuma-25%.
Isakhiwo sifumana amandla aphezulu. Iikholamu zentsimbi zixhasa imithwalo enzima enobukhulu obuncinci. Ikholamu yentsimbi idla ngokulinganisa i-300 mm nge-400 mm. Ikholamu yekhonkrithi yomthwalo ofanayo idla ngokufuna i-600 mm nge-600 mm. Iikholamu ezincinci zinika indawo engaphezulu yangaphakathi. Iiofisi ezininzi zifumana indawo enokusebenziseka nge-5% ngaphezulu ngentsimbi.
Izakhiwo zentsimbi ziyamelana kakuhle nomlilo xa zikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwaleka okungatshiyo kongeza i-2 mm ukuya kwi-5 mm kumphezulu wentsimbi. Oku kuvumela umlinganiselo wokumelana nomlilo weeyure eziyi-1.5 ukuya kwezi-2. Imigangatho emininzi yeofisi ilandela eli nqanaba.
Intsimbi iphucula ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo. Iinxalenye ezininzi zentsimbi zivela kwimithombo ephinde yasetyenziswa. Ezinye iifektri zisebenzisa intsimbi ephinde yasetyenziswa kwi-30% ukuya kwi-60% kwimveliso. Abasebenzi banokuphinda basebenzise intsimbi xa isakhiwo sitshintsha. Oku kunciphisa inkunkuma.
Intsimbi ixhasa ulwakhiwo olucocekileyo. Iindawo ezininzi zentsimbi zifika zenziwe kwangaphambili. Oku kunciphisa inkunkuma kwindawo nge-50% xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi. Izixeko ezininzi zikhetha le ndlela yokunciphisa uthuli.
Intsimbi ivumela ubude obude. Isakhiwo singabandakanya amagumbi eentlanganiso abanzi okanye iindawo zokusebenzela ezivulekileyo. Abayili abaninzi basebenzisa ubude obuphakathi kwe-9 m ukuya kwi-12 m kwimigangatho yeeofisi zanamhlanje. Oku kuphucula intuthuzelo kunye nokukhululeka koyilo.
Ukusebenza kunye nokuziphatha kwexesha elide
Isakhiwo seofisi sesakhiwo sentsimbi sibonisa izalathisi zokusebenza eziqinileyo. Isakhelo sigcina ukuqina okuhle. Iintsimbi ezininzi zifikelela kwimida yokuphambuka engaphantsi kwe-L/250 ukuya kwi-L/350. Oku kunciphisa ukungcangcazela kwaye kuphucula intuthuzelo.
Isakhiwo simelana kakuhle nemithwalo yomoya. Isakhiwo seofisi esiphakathi sidla ngokujongana noxinzelelo lomoya olukufutshane ne-0.5 kN/m² ukuya kwi-0.8 kN/m². Iifreyimu zentsimbi zisingatha le mithwalo ngokulula. Inkqubo yokuxhasa isebenzisa iityhubhu zentsimbi okanye iintonga. Intonga yokuxhasa eqhelekileyo imelana noxinzelelo oluvela kwi-100 kN ukuya kwi-200 kN.
Izakhiwo zentsimbi zilawula ubushushu kakuhle ngokufakwa kobushushu obuhle. Iiphaneli ze-PU ezinobukhulu obuyi-50 mm zihlala zifikelela kwi-U-value kufutshane ne-0.30 W/m²·K. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10% ukuya kwi-20% kwiindawo zeeofisi.
Ukusebenza kwe-acoustic kuyaphucuka xa iindonga zineeleyara. Iibhodi ze-gypsum kunye noboya be-insulation kunciphisa isandi nge-40 dB ukuya kwi-50 dB. Oku kuxhasa umsebenzi ozolileyo. Amagumbi amaninzi eentlanganiso asebenzisa iileyara ezimbini ukufikelela kumaxabiso aphezulu nangakumbi.
Iindleko zokugcina ixesha elide zihlala ziphantsi. Iifreyimu zentsimbi zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Iifreyimu ezininzi zibonisa ukukhula komhlwa ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 mm ngonyaka xa zigqunywe kakuhle. I-zinc coating eqhelekileyo ye-275 g/m² ikhusela intsimbi kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-25.
Inkampani iHarbin Dong`an Building Sheets yinkampani ephambili kumenzi weemveliso zesakhiwo sentsimbi eTshayina. Le nkampani yenze amakhulu eeprojekthi zobunjineli besakhiwo sentsimbi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye inamava amaninzi. Iqela elinamandla labayili kunye nezixhobo zemveliso eziphambili ezifana noomatshini bokusika i-laser kunye needrill ze-3D CNC zinokuqinisekisa uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokucutshungulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo. Oku kunokukongela iindleko ezingaphezulu kunye nexesha lokwakha.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-05-2025