Ngezibonelelo eziquka amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okugqwesileyo, kunye nolwakhiwo oluphucukileyo,izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbingoku zixhasa usetyenziso olupheleleyo kwiindawo zoshishino, ezothutho, zamandla, zikamasipala, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngokudluliselwa komthwalo okusebenzayo, uyilo oluguquguqukayo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweprojekthi ngokukhawuleza, okwenza intsimbi ibe yinto ephambili kubunjineli banamhlanje kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Izakhiwo zeSinyithi kwiZakhiwo zeMizi-mveliso
Izakhiwo Eziphambili Zesityalo Sombane kunye Nezindlu Zebhoyila
Isakhiwo esiphambili sesikhululo samandla kufuneka sithwale izixhobo ezinzima ezifana neeturbines zomphunga kunye neejenereyitha, nganye inobunzima obungaphezu kweetoni ezingama-300. Abayili basebenzisa iinkqubo zokuxhasa isakhelo sentsimbi ezineegridi zeekholamu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12 m × 12 m, nto leyo evumela ulungiselelo lwezixhobo oluguquguqukayo nolusebenzayo.
Izindlu zebhoyila zisebenza phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo, apho ubushushu besithando bungaphezulu kwe-1200°C. Izixhobo zentsimbi zifuna iingubo eziqinileyo ezingatshiyo ukuze zifikelele kwinqanaba lokumelana nomlilo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezintathu. Xa zidityaniswe neengqimba zobushushu ezifana neepaneli zesandwich zoboya belitye, ubushushu bomphezulu bunokuhlala ngaphantsi kwe-150°C.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo yamazwe ngamazwe, izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi ye-Q345B zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo ixesha elingaphezu kweeyure ezimbini kwaye zigcina amandla azo angaphezu kwama-95% kwi-150°C.
Ngexesha loyilo lwesakhiwo esikhulu sesikhululo samandla, iinjineli zihlala zisebenzisa i-truss yentsimbi edityaniswe nee-slabs zomgangatho ezidityanisiweyo. Le nkqubo ivumela ii-bunkers zamalahle ezinobubanzi obufikelela kwi-70 m. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kuhlala malunga ne-120 kg ngemitha yesikwere, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo malunga ne-40% xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kwe-seismic.
IiMill zeNsimbi kunye neZityalo zeLocomotive
Iindawo zokusebenzela iiroli kwizityalo zentsimbi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yeekhreyini ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-200. Abayili badla ngokukhetha iikholamu zebhokisi ezidityaniswe neentsimbi ezidityanisiweyo ezimile okwe-H, ngelixa iimbambo eziqinileyo kwiindawo ezidibeneyo ziphucula ukumelana nokucheba.
Iiworkshop zokuhlanganisa iilocomotive zihlala zifuna iindawo ezicacileyo ezingaphaya kwama-30 eemitha ukuze kufakwe iinkqubo zekreyini ezixhonyiweyo. Uphahla lwegridi yesithuba sentsimbi olunobukhulu obumalunga ne-3 m lunokwenza lula ukuba ingaphakathi lingabi nazikholamu.
Izixhobo zentsimbi kwezi projekthi zihlala zifumana i-hot-dip galvanizing enobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-85 μm. Olu nyango luhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhusela ukugqwala kwiindawo ezine-asidi apho uxinaniso lwe-SO₂ luhlala ngaphantsi kwe-50 mg/m³ kwaye luxhasa ubomi benkonzo obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
Izakhiwo zeSitayile kwiNjineli yezoThutho
Iiprojekthi zeebhulorho zemiqadi ezinee-span ezingaphantsi kwe-50 m zisebenzisa kakhulu ii-girders zentsimbi ezimile okwe-H. Iifektri zenza ezi girders zibe ngamacandelo, zizithuthele kwindawo yazo, kwaye ziqhagamshele nge-bolting kunye ne-welding. Le ndlela inciphisa ixesha lokwakha malunga ne-60% xa ithelekiswa neebhulorho zekhonkrithi.
Iibhulorho ze-girder eziqhubekayo ezine-span ukusuka kwi-50 m ukuya kwi-150 m zihlala zisebenzisa ii-girders zentsimbi ezinamacandelo aguquguqukayo. Ngexesha lokumiswa, iinjineli zisebenzisa indlela yokwakha i-cantilever, evumela ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso yexeshana.
Iiprojekthi zebhulorho yeTruss zixhomekeke kwizinto ezimiselweyo zemodyuli ezinomthamo womthwalo wetruss enye weetoni ezingama-45. Abasebenzi badibanisa ezi bhulorho ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza zifaneleke ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho ngokukhawuleza.
Iindawo ezinobuthathaka ekudinweni ezifana namalungu adibeneyo zifuna amanqanaba entsimbi eqinileyo njenge-Q370qE. Abayili badla ngokunciphisa ubukhulu boxinzelelo kwezi ndawo ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-100 MPa ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwexesha elide.
Izakhiwo zeSitayile kwiNjineli yaMandla
Iinkqubo zeNkxaso yaMandla oMoya kunye nePhotovoltaic
Iitowuni ze-wind turbine zihlala zifikelela kubude obuphakathi kwe-80 m kunye ne-140 m. Ezi towuni zisebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi eyenziwe ngentsimbi ye-Q345D, enobukhulu bodonga obuqala kwi-16 mm ukuya kwi-40 mm, edityaniswe ngee-spiral welds. I-flange esisiseko yetowuni inokuthwala imithwalo engaphezulu kwe-5000 kN.
Iinkqubo zenkxaso ze-photovoltaic eziguquguqukayo ezine-span ukusuka kwi-100 m ukuya kwi-300 m zisebenzisa indibaniselwano yeentambo zentsimbi kunye nezakhiwo ze-truss. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kuhlala malunga neetoni ezisi-8 nge-megawatt nganye, nto leyo egcina malunga ne-30% yomhlaba xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zekhonkrithi kwaye ifanele kakuhle umhlaba weentaba.
Amaqonga aselunxwemeni ahambayo
Amaqonga okubhola ahambayo olwandle adla ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zesakhelo sentsimbi ezifana nejakethi. Amaqhuqhuva asebenzisa iisphere ezingenanto zentsimbi ezibunjiweyo ezinobubanzi obumalunga ne-1.2 m. Intsimbi kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokumelana nokugqwala ye-NACE MR0175 ukuze isebenze ngokuthembekileyo kwiindawo zokutshiza ityuwa.
Izakhiwo zeSinyithi kwiZindlu zokuhlala nezexeshana
Izakhiwo zezindlu zentsimbi kunye nezindlu ezenziwe kwangaphambili
Izakhiwo zokuhlala ezisezantsi ezinemigangatho enye ukuya kwemithathu zihlala zisebenzisa iinkqubo zentsimbi ezibhityileyo ezenziwe ngodonga olubandayo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-1.5 mm kunye ne-3 mm. Ubunzima bodonga buhlala bumalunga ne-0.3 kN ngemitha yesikwere, ngelixa ukumelana nokunyikima komhlaba kufikelela kwinqanaba lesi-8.
Iiprojekthi zokuhlala eziphakamileyo ezinemigangatho engaphezu kweshumi zihlala zisebenzisa isakhiwo setyhubhu yesakhelo sentsimbi-umbindi. Le nkqubo inciphisa iinxalenye ezinqamlezileyo zeekholamu malunga ne-30% kwaye yonyusa indawo yomgangatho esebenzisekayo malunga ne-8% xa ithelekiswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi.
Izindlu zexeshana kunye nezakhiwo ezidilikayo
Izindlu zeekhonteyina ezisekwe kwiimodyuli ze-3 m × 6 m zisebenzisa indibaniselwano yezakhelo zentsimbi kunye neephaneli zentsimbi ezinemibala. Iyunithi nganye inobunzima obumalunga neetoni eziyi-2.5 kwaye ivumela ukuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha le-COVID-19, izibhedlele ezininzi zexeshana zamkele le modeli yokwakha.
Iiholo zemiboniso zihlala zisebenzisa iinkqubo zentsimbi ezidilikayo ezineejoyinti zebholti. Ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngokusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kwaye zifikelela kumazinga okusetyenziswa kwakhona afikelela kwi-90%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiziganeko ezininzi.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-26-2026