Igumbi lokubanda lembewu luhlobo lokugcina imbewu ebandayo olunqabileyo ngobuninzi kodwa olubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezolimo. Imbewu ifuna indawo yokugcina imbewu ezinzileyo ukuze ihlale ikhula kakuhle. Abalimi kunye neenkampani zembewu basebenzisa amagumbi okubanda embewu ukukhusela ubomi bembewu. Igumbi lokubanda elincinci leetoni ezi-2-5 zembewu lidla ngokusebenzisa indawo eyi-12-20 m². Iiyunithi ezinkulu zeetoni ezingama-20-30 zifuna indawo eyi-80-120 m².
Imbewu ilahlekelwa ngamandla ngokukhawuleza xa ijongene nobushushu obungaphezulu kwama-28°C. Ukufuma okungaphezulu kwama-65% konakalisa iintlobo ezininzi zembewu. Igumbi elibandayo lembewu lilawula zombini ezi zinto. Amagumbi amaninzi agcina ubushushu obuphakathi kwama-5–15°C kwaye agcina umswakama usondele kuma-40–55%. La manqanaba axhasa ubomi obude bokugcinwa. Utshintsho lobushushu luhlala ngaphakathi kwama-±1°C. Utshintsho lomswakama luhlala ngaphakathi kwama-±5%. Imbewuigumbi elibandayoinika umoya ococekileyo, ukufuma okuphantsi, kunye nokupholisa okuzinzileyo. Ezi nxalenye zilandelayo zixoxa ngeempawu, umahluko, amanqaku oyilo, kunye namanqaku okuvelisa.
Iimbonakalo
Imbewuigumbi elibandayoIgxile ekupholiseni okuzinzileyo kunye nokufuma. Imbewu ilahlekelwa ngumgangatho ngokukhawuleza xa ubushushu bunyuka. Imbewu ezininzi zigcina ukuhluma okuhle kangangeenyanga ezi-8-18 xa zihlala kumagumbi alawulwayo. Igumbi elibandayo lisebenza kwi-5-15°C. Ukuhamba komoya kuhlala kuzinzile kwi-0.3-0.5 m/s. Olu kuhamba komoya kugcina ubushushu nakwiishelufu.
Ulawulo lomswakama ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iimbewu ezininzi zifuna ukufuma okungama-40–55% ukuze zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Igumbi elibandayo lisebenzisa izixhobo zokususa ukufuma ezinamazinga ombane angama-1–2 kW. Ezi yunithi zitsala iilitha ezi-4–8 zomswakama ngeyure. Igumbi likwasebenzisa iiphaneli ze-PU okanye ze-PIR ezigqunyiweyo. Ezi paneli zinamanqanaba obukhulu obungama-75–100 mm. Iphaneli ye-PIR eyi-100 mm inikezela nge-0.022 W/m·K conductivity. Eli nqanaba linciphisa ukulahleka kokupholisa ngama-30–35%.
Izibane ngaphakathi zihlala zithambile. Izibane ze-LED zisebenzisa i-5–12 W ngeyunithi nganye. Igumbi elibandayo likwanazo neeshelufu ezicocekileyo ezinamanqanaba omthwalo angama-120–200 kg ngomaleko ngamnye. Uninzi lwembewu lufuna ukuhamba komoya kancinci ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide. Igumbi liquka iifeni ezinomthamo we-1,000–2,500 m³/h. Inkqubo ilawula ukuhamba komoya ngaphandle kokushukumisa imbewu.
Igumbi elibandayo likwagcina umoya ucocekile. Amagumbi amaninzi asebenzisa izihluzi ze-G4–F7 grade. Ezi zihluzi zibamba uthuli kwaye zigcina indawo yokugcina ikhuselekile. Ubushushu obuhle, umoya ococekileyo, kunye nemozulu ezinzileyo zenza iimpawu eziphambili zegumbi elibandayo lembewu.
Igumbi elibandayo elikhethekileyo
Amagumbi okubanda embewu ahlukile kumagumbi okubanda eziqhamo, inyama, kunye neentyatyambo. Imveliso nganye ifuna amanqanaba obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nokufuma. Igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo lidla ngokusebenza kwi-1–10°C kunye nokufuma kwe-80–95%. Olu kufudumala luphezulu lugcina iziqhamo zintsha. Amagumbi okubanda eentyatyambo asebenzisa ukufuma kwe-2–8°C kunye ne-85–95%.
Imbewu ifuna ukufuma okuphantsi kunala magumbi abandayo. Imbewu ifunxa ukufuma ngokukhawuleza. Ukufuma okuphezulu okungaphezulu kwama-60% kunokunciphisa ukuhluma nge-15–30% kwiinyanga ezimbini. Imbewu ikwafuna ukuhamba komoya kancinci kuba umoya onamandla uyomisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Amanye amagumbi abandayo adla ngokusebenzisa ukuhamba komoya okuhamba nge-1–2 m/s. Amagumbi embewu asebenzisa kuphela i-0.3–0.5 m/s.
Imbewu ikwafuna uzinzo oluqinileyo kubushushu. Amanye amagumbi amaninzi abandayo ayamkela utshintsho lwe-±2–3°C. Ukugcinwa kwembewu kudla ngokufuna ulawulo lwe-±1°C. Uxinzelelo lobushushu lwenza kube buthathaka ubomi bembewu. Amaqela ovavanyo abonisa ukwehla kokuhluma nge-8–15% xa ukujiya kudlula i-3°C.
Amanye amagumbi abandayo agcina impahla enzima. Amagumbi abandayo embewu agcina impahla elula. Igumbi lembewu lisebenzisa ubunzima beeshelufu obuyi-120–200 kg ngomaleko ngamnye. Igumbi lenyama elibandayo lisebenzisa ii-pallet racks ezine-800–1200 kg ngomaleko ngamnye. Ukugcinwa kwembewu kuthintela umgangatho omanzi. Amagumbi amaninzi embewu asebenzisa amaqonga aphakanyisiweyo ami kwi-5–10 cm ngaphezu komgangatho.
Amanqaku oYilo
Uyilo oluhle lugcina imbewu ikhuselekile ixesha elide. Abayili bakhetha kuqala ubungakanani begumbi. Igumbi eliyi-10-15 m² ligcina iitoni ezi-2-5. Igumbi eliyi-100 m² ligcina iitoni ezingama-20-30. Abayili bamisela ububanzi bomnyango kwi-0.9-1.2 m ukuze kushukumeke kakuhle.
Ulawulo lobushushu lufuna ucwangciso oluqinileyo. Igumbi lisebenzisa iicompressor ezinomthamo we-1.5–5 kW. Inkqubo igcina ubushushu bukwi-5–15°C. Iisensors zifunda amaxabiso rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana engama-30–60. Iphaneli yokulawula ilungisa ukupholisa ngamanyathelo amancinci. Igumbi likwafuna isensor enye yokufuma kwi-20–25 m² nganye.
Ukufakwa kobushushu kudlala indima enkulu. Uninzi lwamagumbi asebenzisa iiphaneli ze-PU okanye ze-PIR ezingama-75–100 mm. Ezi paneli zinciphisa ukwanda kobushushu ngama-35–45%. Oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iingcango zikwaquka iingcingo ze-heater ezingama-15–25 W/m ukunqanda ukufuma.
Isicwangciso segumbi siquka imigca yokuhamba komoya. Uyilo oluhle lugcina ukuhamba komoya ku-0.3–0.5 m/s. Izithuba zomoya zihlala malunga ne-2–4% yendawo yegumbi. Iifeni zityhala i-1,000–2,500 m³/h. Uyilo aluvumeli iikona ezifileyo. Oku kunceda imbewu ukuba ihlale kubushushu obulinganayo.
Izibane nazo zinefuthe kumgangatho. Izibane ze-LED zenza i-50–100 lux. Amanqanaba ombane ahlala ephantsi. Ii-sensors ziyacima izibane xa igumbi livalwa. Igumbi lifuna umgca omncinci wokukhupha amanzi onomqolo we-2–3%. Abayili babeka iishelufu kwi-40–60 cm ukusuka eludongeni. Le ndawo iphucula ukuhamba komoya.
Uyilo oluhle lunika imozulu ezinzileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nobomi obude bembewu.
Iindawo Zokuvelisa Nokwakha
Iiphaneli ezenziwe kwangaphambili kufuneka zifikelele kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokuchaneka. Ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kuthintela ukungena komoya kunye nokufuma. Abavelisi basebenzisa i-insulation ye-polyurethane foam efakwe kwi-injection. Oku kuqinisekisa uxinano oluhambelanayo kuyo yonke iphaneli. Amalungu ephaneli asebenzisa iindlela zokutshixa ezizodwa. Ezi zitywini kufuneka zihlale zingangeni moya phantsi koxinzelelo.
Izixhobo zokukhenkcisa zifuna ukuhlanganiswa ngononophelo. Iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise ii-lubricant ezikhethekileyo kunye nee-refrigerant. Ezi kufuneka zisebenze ngokuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. Ukufakelwa kwepayipi ngokufanelekileyo kuyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo. Nakuphi na ukwaphuka kubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nomngcipheko wokufuma.
Iindlela zokufakela zinzima. Abasebenzi kufuneka bavale yonke into engenela ngononophelo. Oku kuquka imibhobho, iipayipi zombane, kunye neefreyimu zeminyango. Abakhi basebenzisa izitywina ezikhethekileyo ezinobushushu obuphantsi. Isiseko seplanga kufuneka sigqunywe ngaphantsi. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwe-permafrost ngaphantsi kwegumbi. I-permafrost inokuwuphakamisa umgangatho kwaye yonakalise isakhiwo.
Ukuqalisa umsebenzi kubandakanya uvavanyo olubanzi. Iingcali zilinganisa ubushushu obufanayo kwigumbi lonke. Ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo sokususa umswakama ngononophelo. Inkqubo kufuneka ifikelele kwi-RH ekujoliswe kuyo ngokukhawuleza. Ukugcinwa kwedatha kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwiintsuku. Kuphela emva kovavanyo oluphumeleleyo apho igumbi lifumana imbewu. Ulawulo lomgangatho luqinisekisa ukuhlala ixesha elide kwendawo yokugcina.
Igumbi elibandayo lembewu likhusela umgangatho wembewu ngobushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nokufuma okuphantsi. Le nkqubo ixhasa ixesha elide lokugcina imbewu kwaye igcina ukuhluma kuqinile. Umahluko ocacileyo wahlula amagumbi embewu kwiziqhamo, inyama, kunye namagumbi eentyatyambo. Ukuhamba komoya okuzinzileyo, ukungcangcazela okuphantsi, kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo lobushushu kugcina i-biology yembewu ikhuselekile.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-03-2025