Iindawo zokugcina ukutya kwaselwandle zikhusela iintlanzi ezintsha, iishrimp, kunye neeshellfish ekonakalisweni ngokukhawuleza. Ukutya kwaselwandle kulahlekelwa ngumgangatho ngokukhawuleza kunenyama kuba iproteni yayo iyawohloka ngaphantsi kweeyure ezintandathu kwi-10 °C. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo ezininzi zaselwandle zisebenzisa ulawulo oluqinileyo lobushushu phakathi kwe-−25 °C kunye ne-0 °C. Iindawo zokugcina ukutya kwaselwandle zibonelela ngomswakama ozinzileyo, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuhamba komoya ococekileyo. Ezi mpawu zinceda ukugcina ukulahleka kwemveliso kungaphantsi kwe-3%.
Umahluko
Ukutya kwaselwandleamagumbi abandayoiphatha ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nevumba elinamandla kuneendawo zokugcina iziqhamo okanye inyama. Iintlanzi ezintsha zikhupha phantse i-6% yamanzi ngexesha lokugcina kwangethuba. Igumbi eliqhelekileyo lokubanda alinakulawula lo mthwalo wokufuma ngokukhawuleza. Igumbi lokubanda leentlanzi zaselwandle lisebenzisa ukuhamba komoya okunamandla ukuhamba nge-150 m³ ngomzuzu kumagumbi aphakathi. Olu hambo lomoya lugcina iindawo zomile kwaye lunciphisa ukukhula kweebhaktheriya.
Izilwanyana zaselwandle nazo zithwala izakhiwo zeproteni ezinobuthathaka. Ezi proteni zilahlekelwa ngumgangatho xa amaqondo obushushu ehamba ngaphezu kwe-1 °C. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo adla ngokuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu be-3 °C. Igumbi elibandayo lezilwanyana zaselwandle lisebenzisa izinzwa ezincinci ezilandelela utshintsho rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana eli-10. Le nkqubo igcina ubushushu obuphakathi buphakathi kwe-−22 °C kunye ne-−20 °C ngexesha lokukhenkceza.
Igumbi lokubanda leentlanzi zaselwandle likwasebenzisa uyilo lokulawula ivumba. Iintlanzi zikhupha ama-amine anamandla xa ubushushu bunyuka ngaphezu kwe-4 °C. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo okubanda ngamanye amaxesha asasaza la mavumba kwiindawo zokugcina ezikufutshane. Igumbi lokubanda leentlanzi zaselwandle lisebenzisa iingcango ezivaliweyo ezinamazinga okuvuza angaphantsi kwe-0.2 m³ ngeyure. Olu yilo lukhusela ezinye iindidi zokutya.
Ukutya kwaselwandle kukwabanda ngokukhawuleza kunenyama ebomvu. Inyama yentlanzi ibanda kwimizuzu engama-90 xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-−35 °C. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo awasebenzisi ukupholisa okunamandla kangaka. Amagumbi okutya kwaselwandle adla ngokusebenzisa iindawo eziqhumayo ezityhala umoya nge-4 m/s kwiitreyi. Olu yilo lugcina iikristale zomkhenkce zincinci kwaye lukhusela ubume.
Olu mahluko lubonisa ukuba amagumbi okugcina ukutya kwaselwandle afuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lobushushu, ukuhamba komoya ngokukhawuleza, kunye nolawulo olungcono lwevumba kunamagumbi okugcina ukutya aqhelekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zigcina ukutya kwaselwandle kutsha kwaye kulungile ukuthengiswa.
Iingenelo
Igumbi lokubanda leentlanzi zaselwandle libonelela ngolawulo oluqinileyo lokutsha. Le nkqubo yehlisa ubushushu begumbi ukusuka kwi-20 °C ukuya kwi-−20 °C kwimizuzu engama-45. Ixesha lokutsala ngokukhawuleza linciphisa ukukhula kweebhaktheriya phantse ngama-70%. Iishrimp ezintsha zihlala ziqinile iintsuku ezisixhenxe xa zigcinwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukupholisa kancinci kumagumbi aqhelekileyo kunokunciphisa eli xesha libe ziintsuku ezine.
Igumbi likwabonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yamandla. Iiphaneli ezifakwe i-insulation ezine-0.45 W/m²·K zinciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla phantse ngama-30%. Abaqhubi abaninzi bonga i-15% yeendleko zamandla inyanga nenyanga. Iyunithi yokufunxa ikwasebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwefrikhwensi. Olu lawulo lwehlisa amandla e-compressor nge-10% ngexesha leeyure zomthwalo ophantsi.
Enye inzuzo ivela kulawulo oluthembekileyo lokufuma. Ukutya kwaselwandle kufuna ukufuma okuphakathi kwama-85% ukuya kuma-95%. Ukufuma okuphantsi komisa umphezulu kwaye kunciphisa ubunzima nge-2%. Igumbi lokubanda lokutya kwaselwandle longeza izixhobo zokulawula ukufuma ukuze kugcinwe amanqanaba okufuma azinzileyo. Olu yilo lukhusela ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nombala weentlanzi.
Igumbi elibandayo likwaxhasa imigangatho eqinileyo yococeko. Iiphaneli zodonga zisebenzisa upende womgangatho wokutya onomphezulu orhabaxa ongaphantsi kwe-0.5 microns. Iindawo ezithambileyo zithintela iintsholongwane ukuba zinganamatheli. Abasebenzi banokucoca udonga ngalunye ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10.
Igumbi lokubanda leentlanzi zaselwandle likwaxhasa ukubekwa kwendawo yokugcina ukutya okuguquguqukayo. Iirakhi zinokuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 kg kumgangatho ngamnye. Iiforklift zihamba ngokulula kumagumbi abanzi ngaphezu kwe-6 m. Izityalo ezininzi zaselwandle zisebenzisa iindawo eziziimodyuli ukusingatha ukuhlelwa kwemihla ngemihla.
Iiphaneli zokugcina izinto ezibandayo
Iiphaneli zakha ulwakhiwo lwegumbi lokubanda lokuloba iintlanzi. Uninzi lweeprojekthi zisebenzisaIiphaneli ze-PU okanye ze-PIRene-foam cores ezixineneyo. Iphaneli ye-PU eyi-100 mm inikezela ngokuhanjiswa kobushushu kufutshane ne-0.022 W/m·K. Eli xabiso linceda ukugcina ubushushu begumbi nokuba ubushushu bangaphandle bufikelela kwi-35 °C. Iifektri ezininzi zaselunxwemeni zixhomekeke kule ntsebenzo.
Imiphezulu yentsimbi idla ngokuba nobukhulu obuyi-0.5 mm. Obu bukhulu bukhusela igumbi ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Imiphetho eqinileyo ixhasa ukutshixa kolwimi kunye nomngxuma ngamandla oxinzelelo akufutshane ne-180 N. Ezi zitshixo zinciphisa ukuvuza komoya phantse ngama-40%. Ukutywinwa kakuhle kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa.
Amagumbi okuhlamba asebenzisa i-anti-corrosion coating. Ityuwa kwi-fisheater inokonakalisa intsimbi eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emibini. I-special coating steel ihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwe-12 kwiindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi. Izityalo ezininzi zicoca iindawo ngamanzi e-chlorine angama-500 ppm emva kokutshintsha ngakunye. Iipaneli ezifakwe i-coating ziyamelana nalo mthwalo weekhemikhali.
Ubukhulu bephaneli buxhomekeke kubushushu ekujoliswe kubo. Iphaneli eyi-120-150 mm ilingana nendawo yokugcina izinto ephakathi kwe-−25 °C kunye ne-−15 °C. Iphaneli eyi-200 mm ilingana neendawo ezibandayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-−35 °C. Olu bungakanani lunceda iinjineli ukuba zilinganisele iindleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ezinye izityalo zaselwandle zongeza iipleyiti zokukhaba ze-aluminium ezantsi. Ezi pleyiti zikhusela iindonga kwiingozi zetroli. Izibambo zepleyiti yokukhaba eziqhelekileyo zinamandla afikelela kwi-300 N. Olu phuculo lugcina amagumbi ecocekile kwaye egudileyo.
Iiphaneli zihlala ziyinxalenye enkulu yotyalo-mali kwigumbi elibandayo. Zikwamisela iindleko zamandla zexesha elide. Ubushushu obuqinileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zixhasa ubomi benkonzo ende.
Inkqubo yokuFrijisa
Iyunithi yokufunxa inika amandla igumbi lonke lokubanda lolwandle. I-compressor iphatha utshintsho olukhulu lomthwalo ngeyure nganye. Amagumbi amaninzi olwandle asebenzisa ii-compressor ezithambileyo ezinomthamo ophantse ube yi-12 kW ukuya kwi-50 kW. Ezi matshini zitsala amaqondo obushushu ukusuka kwi-10 °C ukuya kwi-−25 °C ngaphandle koxinzelelo. Iyunithi eyilwe kakuhle isebenza iiyure ezili-18 ngosuku.
I-condenser ipholisa i-refrigerant ukusuka kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphantsi. Izityalo ezininzi zaselwandle zisebenzisa i-condenser ezipholiswe ngumoya ezinomoya ohamba ngesantya esiphantse sibe yi-5,000 m³ ngeyure. Ezinye iifektri ezikufutshane nolwandle zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezipholiswe ngamanzi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10%. Zombini ezi zakhiwo zifuna umoya ozinzileyo.
I-evaporator ivuthela umoya obandayo kwigumbi. I-evaporator yegumbi lokuloba ukutya kwaselwandle idla ngokukhupha umoya kwi-−28 °C. Ifeni inokufikelela kwi-800 ukuya kwi-3,000 m³ ngeyure kuxhomekeke kubukhulu begumbi. Ukuhamba komoya okuphezulu kukhusela ubunjani beentlanzi ngokuzipholisa umphezulu ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba zipholile kugcina ukuguquguquka kobushushu kungaphantsi kwe-1 °C.
Le yunithi ikwabandakanya ulawulo lwe-elektroniki. Iphaneli yokulawula ilandelela ubushushu, ukufuma, umthwalo wecompressor, kunye nemijikelo yokunyibilikisa. Inyibilikisa rhoqo emva kweeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 kumagumbi anomswakama ophezulu. Umjikelo ngamnye unyibilikisa iqhwa kwimizuzu eli-10. Inyibilikisa ngokukhawuleza ikhusela ukuhamba komoya kunye nesantya sokuphola.
Iyunithi yokufunxa kakuhle iphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokonga amandla. Iifektri ezininzi zinciphisa iindleko zamandla nge-12% xa zisebenzisa ii-frequency converters. Ezi converters ziyayicothisa i-compressor ngexesha leeyure zomthwalo olula. Ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunciphisa nokugcinwa.
Le nkqubo isebenza njengentliziyo yegumbi elibandayo. Ukuthembeka kwayo kuchaphazela kakhulu ubutsha bokutya kwaselwandle.
Igumbi lokubanda lolwandle libonelela ngokhuseleko oluqinileyo lweentlanzi, ii-shrimp, kunye nee-shellfish. Ulawulo lwayo lobushushu oluqinileyo kunye nokuhamba komoya okuqinileyo kugcina umgangatho wemveliso ungcono kuneendawo zokubanda eziqhelekileyo. Iinkampani ezininzi zokutya kwaselwandle zisebenzisa la magumbi ukuxhasa iimfuno ezingqongqo zemarike.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-08-2025