Ukulungiswa kokutya kwanamhlanje kufuna isantya, ubutsha, kunye nokuqandisa ngokukhawulezaigumbi elibandayoIyahlangabezana nezi mfuno ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhenkcisa eziphambili. Iqandisa imveliso ngokukhawuleza ukuze igcine incasa, ubume, kunye nesondlo.
Ngokungafaniyo namagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo, agcina iimveliso kuphela kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, amagumbi abandayo abandayo ngokukhawuleza agqibezela inkqubo yokuqandisa ngemizuzu embalwa. Le teknoloji idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini enyama, ukutya kwaselwandle, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
Umahluko Phakathi Kwamagumbi Abandayo Akhawulezayo Nalawo Aqhelekileyo
Igumbi elibandayo eliqhelekileyo ligxile ekugcinweni endaweni yokubanda. Ubushushu balo buhlala buqala kwi -5°C ukuya kwi -18°C. Iimveliso ezingaphakathi zihlala zizinzile kodwa aziqandisi ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, igumbi elibandayo eliqandisisiweyo ngokukhawuleza lisebenza kwi -30°C ukuya kwi -45°C okanye ngaphantsi. Lisusa ubushushu ngokukhawuleza embindini wemveliso ngexesha elifutshane.
Isantya sibonisa umahluko omkhulu. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo anokuthatha iiyure ezininzi ukuze aqandiswe ukutya, ngelixa amagumbi abandayo abandayo akhawuleza agqitywe ngaphantsi kweeyure ezimbini. Izinga lokuqandisisa elikhawulezayo lithintela ukwakheka kweekristale ezinkulu zomkhenkce. Iikristale ezincinci zikhusela ulwakhiwo lweseli, zigcina incasa yokuqala kunye nezondlo zingasebenzi emva kokunyibilika.
Uyilo lokuhamba komoya nalo lwahlukile. Amagumbi abandayo akhawulezayo asebenzisa iifeni ezinamandla ze-axial okanye ze-centrifugal. Ezi fan zijikeleza umoya ngesantya esiphezulu, ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu kwe-4 m/s. Amagumbi abandayo aqhelekileyo axhomekeke kumoya ophantsi ngaphantsi kwe-1 m/s, afanele kuphela ukugcinwa kobushushu.
Iinkqubo zokukhenkceza nazo zibonisa umahluko ocacileyo. Amagumbi abandayo aqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza asebenzisa iicompressor ezinomthamo ophezulu, iiplate freezers, okanye iinkqubo ezijikelezayo. Zigcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi azinzileyo nangona kukho utshintsho olukhulu kumthwalo. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo asebenzisa iicompressor ezincinci ezenzelwe ukugcina ixesha elide.
Izixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu kumagumbi abandayo abandayo ngokukhawuleza zisebenza ngcono. Iiphaneli zodonga zihlala zineeleya ze-polyurethane ezityebileyo, malunga ne-150–200 mm, nokuba yi-250 mm. Amagumbi abandayo aqhelekileyo angasebenzisa iiphaneli ze-100 mm. Ukukhusela okuqinileyo kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwaye kugcina amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi ezinzile.
Ukulayisha iimveliso kwahlukile. Amagumbi abandayo aqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza aphatha izinto ezisasazwe kwiitreyi okanye kwiirakhi ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya ngokulinganayo. Amagumbi abandayo aqhelekileyo agcina iipakethe ezinkulu ixesha elide. Uyilo ngalunye luxhasa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: ukuqandisa ngokukhawuleza ngokuchasene nokugcinwa ixesha elide.
Iingenelo
Amagumbi abandayo akhawulezileyo anika iingenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kubaprosesa bokutya kunye nabasasazi.
Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo ngumgangatho wemveliso. Ukuqandisa ngokukhawuleza kuvala umswakama kwisakhiwo sokutya. Emva kokunyibilika, inyama, intlanzi, okanye iziqhamo zigcina incasa, umbala, kunye nobunjani bokuqala. Kwiqandisa kancinci, iikristale ezinkulu zomkhenkce zonakalisa iiseli kwaye zibangele ukulahleka kwamanzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iintlanzi eziqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza zigcina i-95% yomswakama wazo wokuqala, ngelixa iintlanzi eziqandisiweyo kancinci zigcina i-80% kuphela.
Ixabiso lesondlo nalo lihlala liphezulu. Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kobushushu kuyayimisa imisebenzi yee-enzyme kunye nokukhula kweentsholongwane ngokukhawuleza. Iivithamini kunye neeproteni zihlala zizinzile ixesha elide. Le nzuzo iqinisekisa ukwamkelwa okungcono kwimarike kunye namaxabiso aphezulu emveliso.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kubonelela ngenye inzuzo. Nangona ukuqandisa ngokukhawuleza kudla amandla aphezulu ngoko nangoko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla apheleleyo ngetoni nganye yemveliso kudla ngokuncipha. Imijikelo ekhawulezayo inciphisa ixesha lokusebenza kwecompressor. Ukufakwa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kobushushu kwaye konga umbane.
Ukuguquguquka kwendawo yokugcina nako kuyanda. Xa ukutya kufikelelwe kubushushu obufunekayo obuqandisiweyo, kunokutshintshela kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo eqhelekileyo ukuze kugcinwe ixesha elide. Oku kwahlulwa kokuqandisisa ngokukhawuleza nokugcina kunciphisa iimfuno zendawo iyonke kwaye kuphucula uthutho.
Amagumbi abandayo akhawulezileyo akwaxhasa ukhuseleko kunye nococeko. Inkqubo ekhawulezayo yehlisa umngcipheko wokukhula kweebhaktheriya. Ukujonga ubushushu ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo ze-alamu zigcina iimeko zizinzile. Iimodeli ezininzi ziquka ingaphakathi lentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye namalungu ephaneli agudileyo ukuthintela ungcoliseko.
Iingenelo zoshishino zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Iinkampani zinokumisa iimveliso zexesha lonyaka ngokukhawuleza zize zizithengise unyaka wonke. Oku kuguquguquka kuphucula ibhalansi yokubonelela kunye nokuzinza kwengeniso. Umzekelo, abaprosesa beziqhamo banokugcina isivuno esitsha ngoko nangoko baze basithumele kamva ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho.
Ngokwembono yemizi-mveliso, amagumbi abandayo aqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza andisa imveliso. Ukusebenza rhoqo kunye neebhayisekile ezizenzekelayo zivumela ukubanda okukhulu. Kwizityalo zaselwandle, imveliso ingafikelela kwiitoni ezininzi ngeyure. Ukuphuma okuphezulu kunceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye kuxhasa imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko lokutya.
Amanqaku aPhambili kwiMveliso
Ukwakha igumbi elibandayo eliqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza kufuna ingqalelo engqongqo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, uyilo, kunye nokusebenza. Iinkcukacha zonke zichaphazela isantya sokuqandisiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Okokuqala, izixhobo zokukhusela kufuneka zibe noxinano oluphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lobushushu. I-polyurethane foam enoxinano olumalunga ne-40–45 kg/m³ inika iziphumo ezibalaseleyo. Ubukhulu bodonga buhlala bufikelela kwi-150–250 mm ukumelana nokubanda kakhulu. Amaqela phakathi kweepaneli kufuneka avale ngokuqinileyo ukuthintela ukuvuza komoya. Nezikhewu ezincinci zinokuchitha amandla kwaye zinyuse ukuguquguquka kobushushu.
Okwesibini, uyilo lwenkqubo yokukhenkceza ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iicompressor zifuna amandla aneleyo okugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi nokuba kumthwalo opheleleyo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa iiyunithi zokucinezela ezinamanqanaba amabini okanye ezilinganayo. Indawo yomphunga kufuneka ibe nkulu ukuze ikwazi ukujongana nokutshintshiselana kobushushu ngokukhawuleza. Iityhubhu zekopolo kunye neephiko zealuminiyam zinceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ulungiselelo lokuhamba komoya lufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo. Uyilo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba yonke imveliso ipholile ngokulinganayo. Iifeni kufuneka zihambise ukuhamba komoya ngesantya esiphezulu phakathi kweeshelufu okanye iitreyi. Iinjineli zihlala ziyila imijelo yokuhamba komoya enciphisa iindawo ezifileyo. Ezinye iinkqubo ziquka ii-louvers ezihlengahlengiswayo ukulawula icala lomoya.
Ukuchaneka kokulawula ubushushu kuchaza umgangatho wemveliso. Izinzwa kunye nabalawuli bedijithali kufuneka baphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho. Umahluko nokuba yi-1°C unokuchaphazela ukwakheka kwekristale yomkhenkce. Amagumbi abandayo abandayo anamhlanje adla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezisekwe kwi-PLC ezinokurekhoda idatha. Ezi nkqubo zinceda ukulandelela ibhetshi nganye kwaye zihlangabezane nemigangatho yesiqinisekiso sokuthumela ngaphandle.
Iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa iqhwa nazo zifuna ingqalelo. Ukwakheka komkhenkce kwiimpiko ze-evaporator kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa igesi eshushu ngokuzenzekelayo okanye zokunyibilikisa umbane zisebenza kwiiwaranti ukususa iqhwa rhoqo. Ukunyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo kugcina umoya uhamba kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Uyilo lomgangatho kufuneka luthwale imithwalo enzima kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Umgangatho wekhonkrithi ufuna iileya zokuthintela ukutyibilika kunye neentambo zokufudumeza ukuthintela iqabaka ukuba lininzi. Umphezulu kufuneka ungatyibiliki kwaye uhlale ucocekile.
Ingxelo ngeeProjekthi
IHarbin Dong`an Building Sheets Co.,Ltdyinkampani ehamba phambili kwimveliso yokugcina izinto ezibandayo. Le nkampani inamava amaninzi oyilo kunye nokuvelisa.
I-Dong`an yakhe yakha yayila igumbi elibandayo elinomlinganiselo we-2,500 cubic metres. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ii-ammonia compressors kunye nee-plate freezers. Iqandisa i-cod, i-herring kunye ne-king crab ukusuka kwi-0°C ukuya kwi-–35°C kwimizuzu engama-90. Amandla okuvelisa afikelele kwiitoni ezili-10 ngomjikelo. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo endala, ixesha lokuqandisa lifinyezwe ngama-60%, kwaye iindleko zamandla zehle nge-18%.
Inkampani iDongan ikwakha indawo yokugcina ebandayo ekhawulezileyo kwiinkampani ezininzi zezolimo zaseTshayina okanye iinkampani zemixokelelwane ebandayo. Umzekelo, kwiprojekthi yokugcina imixokelelwane ebandayo eHeilongjiang, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeembotyi ezikhenkcezisiweyo kunye nombona, iNkampani iDongan iyile isisombululo esikhawulezileyo esiqhelekileyo. Igumbi ligcina umoya u-40°C nge-5 m/s. Ibhetshi nganye yeetoni ezi-3 ikhenkceza kwimizuzu engama-80. Umbala wemveliso kunye nencasa yahlala izinzile nangona emva kweenyanga ezintandathu zokugcina. Uvavanyo lubonise ukulahleka kwevithamini C ngaphantsi kwe-5%, ngelixa ukukhenkceza kwendabuko kubangele ukulahleka kwe-15%.
Amagumbi abandayo aqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza atshintsha indlela amashishini agcina kwaye asasaza ngayo ukutya. Iingenelo zawo ziquka umgangatho ongcono wemveliso, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye nokhuseleko oluphuculweyo. Njengoko imfuno yokutya ikhula, amagumbi abandayo aqandisiweyo ngokukhawuleza aya kuhlala ebalulekile kwiinkqubo zekhonkrithi yehlabathi.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-31-2025