Inkqubo yoMveliso weeNgxenye zeSakhiwo seNsimbi

Izakhiwo zesakhiwo sentsimbi ziyaqhubeka nokwanda ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezikhethekileyo, izinto zesakhiwo sentsimbi ngoku zivela rhoqo kwiiprojekthi zoshishino kunye nezorhwebo.
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike kuqhuba iimfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nemigangatho yokuvelisa. Ukuqonda iinkqubo zokuvelisa ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi kunceda abathengi ukuba bakhethe iimveliso kunye nababoneleli abathembekileyo. Olu lwazi lukwanciphisa iingozi zeprojekthi kunye neendleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide.

Uyilo kunye nokuPhawulwa kweeCandelo zeSakhiwo seNsimbi

Uyilo lumele inyathelo lokuqala ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Uyilo oluchanekileyo luthintela iimpazamo eziqokelelweyo ngexesha lokucubungula kamva. Uyilo oluchanekileyo luqinisekisa umgangatho wecandelo lilonke kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.

Umsebenzi wokubeka izinto uquka ukujonga ubungakanani bokufakelwa kunye nesithuba semingxuma kwimizobo. Abasebenzi bazoba iijoyinti ngesikali se-1:1. Baqinisekisa ubungakanani benxalenye nganye yolwakhiwo. Iingcali zenza iitemplate kunye neegeyiji zokusika, ukugoba, kunye nokubhoboza.

Abasebenzi basebenzisa iindlela zokudweba zejometri kwiiplatifomu zoyilo kwisikali se-1:1. Emva kokuba uhlolo luqinisekisile ukuchaneka, iingcali zivelisa iitemplate kwiipleyiti zentsimbi. Ziphawula amanani emisebenzi, amanani okudweba, amanani eenxalenye, ubungakanani, kunye nobubanzi bemingxuma. Abasebenzi emva koko benza uphawu olusekelwe kwezi template kunye neegeyiji.

Ngexesha lokumakisha, abaqhubi baqinisekisa izixhobo kunye neendawo zokucubungula. Baphawula iindawo zokusika nezokomba kumphezulu wentsimbi. Bakwabhala iilebheli kwindawo nganye ngokucacileyo. Abasebenzi bagcina iitemplate kunye neegeyiji ngokufanelekileyo de kugqitywe iprojekthi.

Amanyathelo abalulekileyo okhuseleko afuna ingqalelo ngexesha loyilo. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqwalasele izibonelelo zoomatshini bokusika nokucwangcisa. Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo zifuna izibonelelo zokunciphisa ukuwelda. Abaqhubi kufuneka baphucule ukwakhiwa kwendlwana ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo. Iindlela zokusika zichonga izibonelelo zokusika ezifunekayo.

Ukusikwa kweeCandelo zeSakhiwo seNtsimbi

Iindlela zokusika intsimbi ziquka ukucheba, ukubhoboza, ukusarha, kunye nokusika ilangabi. Intsimbi esikiweyo mayihlale ingenaziphene zokugquma. Imiphezulu esikiweyo mayingabonakalisi miqhekeko ibonakalayo. Abasebenzi kufuneka basuse ii-burrs, i-slag, kunye ne-spatter kwimiphetho esikiweyo.

Ukusika ilangatye kunye nokucheba ngoomatshini kufuneka kuhambelane nemigangatho yokunyamezelana evumelekileyo. Abavelisi abakhulu batyala imali kwizixhobo zokusika eziphambili. Oomatshini bokusika nge-laser baphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu kakhulu. Oomatshini bokusika nge-plasma bakwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika. Izixhobo eziphambili zinciphisa iimpazamo zokucubungula zibe ngaphakathi kwe-±1 mm.

Ukulungiswa kweeCandelo zeSakhiwo seNsimbi

Izixhobo zentsimbi zihlala ziguquguquka ngexesha lokuveliswa nokuthuthwa. Iimpawu zezinto, ukusika, ukuwelda, kunye nokuphathwa kwazo kubangela ezi nguqunguquko. Uguquko luchaphazela ukuchaneka kokufakwa kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo. Iinkqubo zokulungisa zilungisa ezi nguqu ngokufanelekileyo.

Iingcali zolula iindawo zentsimbi zisebenzisa iindlela zoomatshini okanye zobushushu. Ukulungisa oomatshini kusebenzisa oomatshini abaqengqelekayo okanye abacinezelayo. Ukulungisa ngesandla kusebenzisa amandla alawulwayo ngabasebenzi abanobuchule. Ukulungisa ilangatye kusebenzisa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo ukulungisa ukuguquka. Indlela nganye ifanele iimilo ezithile zecandelo kunye namanqanaba okuguquka.

Ukucutshungulwa komphetho kweenxalenye zesakhiwo sentsimbi

Ukucheba nokusika ilangatye kutshintsha izakhiwo zomphetho wepleyiti yesinyithi. Izinto ezibalulekileyo zifuna ukucutshungulwa komphetho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Imiqadi yentsimbi kunye nee-crane girders zifuna umgangatho ongqongqo womphetho. Ubunzulu bokuplana komphetho akufuneki buhlale bungaphantsi kwe-2 mm.

Ukulungiswa kakuhle komphetho kuphucula umgangatho wokuwelda kunye nokuchaneka kokuhlanganiswa. Imiphetho yepleyiti yoomatshini yabasebenzi ibe yimiqolo efanelekileyo. Imiqolo ixhasa ukungena ngokupheleleyo kwe-weld kunye namandla amalunga. Ukulungiswa komphetho ngokuchanekileyo kunciphisa iziphene zokuwelda.

Ukwenza Imingxunya

Ukwenza imingxuma kudla ngokubandakanya ukubhola okanye ukubhoboza. Ukubhola kuseyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo ekwenzeni intsimbi. Abasebenzi babhola ngesandla okanye besebenzisa oomatshini bokubhola. Ukubhola ngesandla kufaneleka kwiipleyiti ezincinci kunye nobubanzi bemingxuma emincinci.

Ukubhola kunika ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Abavelisi abakhulu batyala imali kwizixhobo zokubhola eziphambili. IHarbin Dongan Building Sheets isebenzisa oomatshini bokubhola be-3D CNC. Aba matshini balawula iimpazamo zokucubungula ngaphakathi kwe-0.5 mm.

Iindlela ezongezelelweyo zokucubungula imingxunya ziquka ukuxubha kunye nokuxubha. Ukuxubha kwandisa imingxunya ekhoyo ukuya kwiidayamitha ezifunekayo. Ukuxubha kutshintsha imingxunya ebholiweyo ukuze kuhlalwe intloko yebholiti. Ukuxubha ngokugqibeleleyo kuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu.

Indibano

Ukudibanisa kudibanisa iindawo ezicutshungulwayo zibe zizinto ezipheleleyo. Abasebenzi badibanisa iindawo ngokwemizobo yokwakha. Ubungakanani bezinto buxhomekeke kwiindlela zothutho kunye neemeko zendawo. Umthamo wezixhobo zokuphakamisa uchaphazela nobukhulu bezinto.

Ukudibanisa kufuneka kulandele iimfuno ezithile. Abasebenzi benza imisebenzi yokudibanisa kwiindawo ezizinzileyo. Iingcali zilungiselela ulandelelwano lokudibanisa ngaphambi kokuba ziqale umsebenzi. Abasebenzi badibanisa iindawo ngokungqongqo ngokweenombolo zokuchonga. Kufuneka bajonge ukuba zilungelelaniswe na iindawo ezilinganayo.

Izinto ezinkulu okanye ezintsonkothileyo zifuna ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukeneyo. Abasebenzi bahlanganisa iiyunithi ezilula ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kokugqibela. Emva kokuhlanganiswa, iingcali zibhala iilebheli ngokucacileyo izinto. Ukuchongwa okucacileyo kuxhasa ukuthuthwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokufakwa.

Imisebenzi yokuWelda

Ukuwelda kusebenza njengendlela ephambili yokudibanisa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Ukuwelda kwe-arc kuphambili kwiiprojekthi zokwenza nokufakela intsimbi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuwelda kwe-arc ziquka ukuwelda ngesandla, phantsi kwamanzi, kunye nokuwelda okukhuselwe yigesi. Ukusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo kufuna ukuwelda kwe-electroslag.

Uphuhliso lwenkqubo yokuwelda lufuna ucwangciso olucokisekileyo. Iinjineli zikhetha iindlela zokuwelda kunye neeparamitha. Zikhetha ii-electrode ezifanelekileyo, iingcingo, kunye ne-fluxes.

Iindawo zokuwelda ze-arc ezenziwe ngesandla ziquka ukuwelda okuthe tyaba, okuthe nkqo, okungaphezulu, kunye nokuthe tye. Abasebenzi bakhetha iifom ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoyilo. Iintlobo zokudibanisa ziquka ukuwelda kweempundu kunye nokuwelda kweefillet.

Ukuwelda kwindawo kuqinisekisa ukubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kwenxalenye. Iingcali zifakela ii-tack welds ngaphambi kokuba ziwelding ngokupheleleyo. Umbane we-tack weld udlula umbane wokugqibela we-welding nge-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini. Abasebenzi bayakuphepha ukuwelda ii-tack kufutshane neendawo zoxinzelelo.

Ukufudumeza kunciphisa isantya sokuphola kwiindawo ezichaphazelekileyo bubushushu. Ukufudumeza kuthintela ukuqhekeka okulibazisekileyo emva kokuwelda. Indawo eshushu idlula ubukhulu bepleyiti obuphindwe kayi-1.5. Ububanzi obuncinci bokufudumeza buhlala bungaphezulu kwe-100 mm.

Ukukhethwa kolandelelwano lokuwelda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Abasebenzi bawathungela ukusuka embindini besiya ngaphandle. Bawathungela imithungo encipha kakhulu ngaphambi kokubawathungela imithungo encipha kancinci. Ukuwelda okulinganayo kunciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo. Abasebenzi bawathungela imithungo emide ngaphambi kokubawathungela imithungo enqamlezileyo. Iipleyiti ezingqindilili zifuna ukuwelda okunamaleya amaninzi.

Unyango lobushushu emva kokuwelda lususa i-hydrogen kwi-welds. Olu nyango luthintela ukuqhekeka okubandayo. Abasebenzi benza unyango kwangoko emva kokuwelda. Ixesha lokubamba lilingana neyure enye ngobukhulu obuyi-25 mm. Ukufudumeza ilangatye kudla ngokuxhasa ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokufudumeza emva koko.

Ukuhlolwa komgangatho we-weld kubandakanya ukujonga inkangeleko. Imiphezulu ye-weld kufuneka ibonakale ifana kwaye ingenaziphene. Abahloli bayala ukuqhekeka, ukufakwa kwe-slag, ukusika ngaphantsi, kunye nokutsha. Ubukhulu be-weld kufuneka buhambelane noyilo.

Uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo luvavanya umgangatho we-weld yangaphakathi. Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray kunye ne-ultrasound lubona iziphene zangaphakathi.

Uqhagamshelo lweBolt olunamandla aphezulu

Uqhagamshelo lweebholiti ezinamandla aphezulu lusebenza njengeendawo ezinkulu zokudibanisa ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi. Olu qhagamshelo lubonelela ngokulula, ukuthembeka, kunye nomthamo ophezulu womthwalo. Lubonelela ngokudluliselwa kwamandla okufanayo kunye nokumelana nokudinwa okunamandla. Iibholiti zifuna ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kokusebenza ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Abasebenzi baphatha iibholiti ngononophelo ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Iindawo zokugcina kufuneka zihlale zomile kwaye zingena umoya kakuhle. Abasebenzi bakhupha iibholiti ngokweemfuno zemihla ngemihla. Iibholiti ezingasetyenziswanga kufuneka zibuyiselwe kwizikhongozeli emva komsebenzi. Iindawo ezinxibelelanayo kufuneka zihlale zicocekile kwaye zomile. Abasebenzi kufuneka baphephe ukufakwa xa kunetha.

Ii-torque wrench zifuna ukulinganiswa kwemihla ngemihla. Ukufakelwa kuqala kwiziko elidibeneyo kwaye kuqhubekele phambili. Abasebenzi baqinisa iibholithi ngokuthe ngcembe. Imiyalelo yokufaka ibholithi kufuneka ihlale ihambelana. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lwebholithi kubandakanya amanqanaba okuqala nawokugqibela okuqinisa. I-torque yokuqala ifikelela kuma-60 ukuya kuma-80 ekhulwini e-torque yokugqibela. Ukuqinisa kokugqibela kuqinisekisa ukulayisha ngokupheleleyo kwebholithi. Ngeenkqubo ezimiselweyo kunye nolawulo oluqinileyo, izinto zesakhiwo sentsimbi zifikelela kumgangatho ophezulu. Ukwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo ixesha elide.