Amayezaamagumbi abandayokhusela amayeza kunye neegonyo kubushushu. Amazwe amaninzi afuna imithetho engqongqo yokugcina. Uninzi lweegonyo lufuna i-2°C ukuya kwi-8°C. Amanye amayeza afuna amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-20°C. Igumbi elibandayo ligcina amaqondo obushushu ezinzile imini yonke. Izibhedlele, iifektri, kunye neelabhoratri zixhomekeke kule nkqubo. Amagumbi amaninzi asebenzisa ii-data loggers ezirekhoda yonke iminithi. Iirekhodi zinceda abasebenzi ukuba bajonge iimeko zemihla ngemihla. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa ii-alamu ukulumkisa abasebenzi ngemizuzwana. Igumbi elibandayo leyeza lixhasa umgangatho ozinzileyo kumayeza axabisekileyo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zeGumbi elibandayo leMithi
Amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa amayeza anika ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu. Amagumbi amaninzi afikelela kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-±0.1°C. Le nkqubo ikwalawula nomswakama. Uninzi lwezitofu zokugonya lufuna umswakama ongaphantsi kwama-65%. Igumbi elibandayo lisebenzisa iiphaneli ezikumgangatho ophezulu.Iiphaneli ze-PU okanye ze-PIRenobukhulu obuyi-100 mm inciphisa ukwanda kobushushu. Ezinye izakhiwo zikhetha iiphaneli eziyi-120 mm kwiindawo ezishushu ngakumbi. Iyunithi yokukhenkceza isebenzisa iicompressor ezizinzileyo. Igumbi le-10 m³ lifuna ukupholisa malunga ne-1 kW. Igumbi le-100 m³ lifuna i-8 ukuya kwi-12 kW.
Igumbi elibandayo likwakhusela amayeza ngomoya ofanayo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa umoya ohambayo malunga ne-0.3 m/s. Olu hambo lomoya lugcina zonke iirakhi zingaphakathi kwe-±0.5°C. Igumbi likwabandakanya neengcango zokuvala eziqinileyo. Iingcango ezininzi zamayeza zisebenzisa amashiti entsimbi angama-0.45 mm. Ukuvalwa kakuhle kukhusela amayeza kumswakama, izinambuzane, kunye nothuli.
Iphaneli yokulawula ibonisa idatha yexesha langempela. Abasebenzi bajonga isikrini yonke imihla. Igumbi ligcina iirekhodi zeentsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-90. Idatha inceda amaziko ukuba aphumelele uhlolo. Ezi mpawu zixhasa ukugcinwa kwamayeza ngokukhuselekileyo nakweyiphi na imozulu.
Umahluko Phakathi Kwamagumbi Abandayo Amayeza kunye Namanye Amagumbi Abandayo
Amagumbi okulala asebenzisa amayeza ahlukile kumagumbi okulala aqhelekileyo okutya. Amagumbi okutya adla ngokuvumela ubushushu obubanzi. Amagumbi okulala asebenzisa amayeza afuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5°C. Amagumbi okulala angasebenzisa ii-sensor ezisisiseko. Amagumbi okulala asebenzisa ii-sensor ezichanekileyo ze-±0.1°C. Amagumbi amaninzi asebenzisa ii-sensor ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwindawo nganye.
Omnye umahluko ubonakala kulawulo lokufuma. Ukugcinwa kokutya kunokwamkela ukufuma okuphezulu. Ukugcinwa kwamayeza kufuna ukufuma okungaphantsi kwama-65% kwizinto ezininzi. Ezinye izitofu ziyasilela xa ukufuma kufikelele kuma-80%.
Amagumbi okukhenkceza amayeza nawo asebenzisa ulwalathiso oluphambili. Uninzi lweenkqubo zithatha ukufundwa rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana engama-60. Amagumbi amaninzi okutya athatha ukufundwa rhoqo emva kwemizuzu eli-10. Amagumbi okukhenkceza amayeza asebenzisa ii-alamu ezilumkisa abasebenzi kwimizuzwana emi-5.
Amaxwebhu nawo ayahluka. Amagumbi amayeza agcina iirekhodi zobushushu zeentsuku ezingama-90. Amagumbi amaninzi okutya agcina iintsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-30. Amaziko amayeza afuna uphononongo olungqongqo lwerekhodi. Amaziko okutya alandela imithetho elula yokubhala.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo nako kuyatshintsha. Amagumbi amachiza adla ngokusebenzisa iiphaneli zePIR ezinemilinganiselo eqinileyo yomlilo. Amagumbi okutya angasebenzisa iiphaneli zePU. Umgangatho wocango nawo uyahluka. Iingcango zamayeza zihlala ziquka izifudumezi ukuthintela iqhwa.
Injongo yoyilo nayo yahlukile. Amagumbi okutya abandayo akhusela incasa. Amagumbi okutya abandayo akhusela amandla amayeza. Impazamo encinci inokonakalisa iibhotile ezili-1000 ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-$50,000. La mahluko abonisa ukuba kutheni amagumbi okutya afuna iinkqubo ezingqongqo.
Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucoca, kuya kufakelwa ii-air conditioner ezikhethekileyo zokucoca kwindawo yokugcina amachiza. Ii-air conditioner zokucoca zihluza iintsholongwane nothuli ngokungqongqo, kwaye zifake umoya ongcolileyo kwindawo yokugcina amachiza. Le nkqubo yokucoca ithintela ngempumelelo ukukhula kweentsholongwane kwigumbi lokubanda.
Iimpawu zePhaneli kunye nolwakhiwo
Amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa iiphaneli eziqinileyo ezigqunywe ngobushushu. Uninzi lweephaneli zisebenzisa ii-cores ze-PU okanye ze-PIR. Iiphaneli ze-PU zibonisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kufutshane ne-0.022 W/m·K. Iiphaneli ze-PIR zibonisa ukumelana okungcono komlilo. Amagumbi amaninzi asebenzisa ubukhulu beephaneli eziyi-100 mm. Iindawo ezishushu kakhulu zinokusebenzisa iiphaneli eziyi-120 mm.
Ubungakanani begumbi buhlala buqala kwi-5 m² ukuya kwi-200 m². Iindonga kunye neesilingi zisebenzisa izikhumba zesinyithi. Iifektri ezininzi zisebenzisa izikhumba zentsimbi eziyi-0.45 mm. Umgangatho uquka amaphepha e-PVC okanye e-aluminium. Umgangatho we-PVC udla ngokuba nobukhulu obuyi-2 mm. Umgangatho we-aluminium uxhasa iirakhi ezinzima.
Iingcango zisebenzisa iihinji eziqinileyo kunye neegasket eziqinileyo. Igasket ithintela umphunga ukuba ungangeni. Amagumbi amaninzi anezifudumezi zomnyango. Ihitha engama-40 ukuya kuma-80 watts ithintela iqhwa.
Izihlanganisi zephaneli zisebenzisa ii-cam-locks ukuze ziqhagamshele ngokuqinileyo. Abasebenzi bafaka igumbi elingama-50 m² kwiintsuku ezi-3. Ulwakhiwo oluhle lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10% ukuya kuma-20%. Ubushushu buthintela ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo lukhusela amayeza anobuthathaka ekutshintsheni kobushushu.
Inkqubo yeFriji kunye neempawu zokuhamba komoya
Amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa amayeza asebenzisa iiyunithi zokukhenkcisa ezisebenzayo. Amagumbi amaninzi asebenzisa ii-scroll okanye ii-semi-hermetic compressors. Ii-scroll compressors zilungele amagumbi amancinci angaphantsi kwama-20 m³. Ii-semi-hermetic compressors zilungele amagumbi amakhulu afikelela kuma-200 m³.
Umthamo wokupholisa uyahluka. Igumbi elingama-20 m³ lifuna ukupholisa okungama-2 ukuya kuma-3 kW. Igumbi elingama-100 m³ lifuna ama-8 ukuya kuma-12 kW. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ii-condenser, ii-evaporator, iivalvu, kunye nezihluzi. I-evaporator idala ukuhamba komoya okunamandla. Kwanokuhamba komoya kunciphisa umahluko kubushushu. Amagumbi amaninzi agcina ukuhamba komoya ku-0.3 m/s.
Ukhetho lweziqandisi luquka i-R448A, i-R449A, okanye i-R404A. Iinkampani ezininzi zitshintshela kwiigesi ze-GWP eziphantsi. Le nkqubo ikwasebenzisa uyilo oluxhasayo. Ezinye iindawo zamayeza zifaka ii-compressor ezimbini. I-compressor enye ixhasa ukupholisa ngokupheleleyo. Iyunithi yesibini isebenza xa kukho iimpazamo.
Iinkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa iifeni ze-EC. Iifeni ze-EC zonga amandla ayi-10%. Zikwanciphisa ingxolo kwaye ziphucula uzinzo. Inkqubo yolawulo ijonga inyathelo ngalinye. Abasebenzi bajonga zonke iiparameter yonke imihla. Inkqubo yokufriji igcina igumbi lizinzile ukuze kugonywe ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Iimfuneko zokubeka iliso, ii-alamu, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho
Amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa ulwalathiso oluphambili. Iisensa zirekhoda ubushushu rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana engama-60. Iinkqubo ezininzi zigcina idatha yeentsuku ezingama-90. Abasebenzi bajonga iirekhodi yonke imihla. Inkqubo yealamu isebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ialamu isebenza ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-5 xa ubushushu bunyuka. Abasebenzi bafumana imiyalezo kwiifowuni eziphathwayo. Amandla okugcina aqala kwimizuzwana eli-10.
Imithetho yokuthobela imithetho ihlala ingqongqo. Imigangatho ye-GMP kunye ne-WHO ikhokela uninzi lweenkqubo. Izakhiwo ezininzi zivavanya ii-alamu inyanga nenyanga. Abasebenzi balinganisa ii-sensors rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Amaqela amaninzi ahlola ijenereyitha veki nganye. Abahloli bahlola iirekhodi zedatha. Izakhiwo kufuneka zigcine iindawo zicocekile. Iingcango kufuneka zivalwe kakuhle. Iingcango ezininzi zisebenzisa izibambo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo. Amaxwebhu afuna ukuchaneka. Ishifti nganye irekhoda amanani.
Inkqubo yokubeka esweni iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwezitofu ezibizayo. Inkqubo yokuthobela imithetho ikhusela impilo yoluntu.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-10-2025