Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ze-polyurethane ziye zathandwa kakhulu, njengeepaneli zokugcina izinto ezibandayo eziveliswe yiHarbin Dong'an Building Sheets eTshayina, ezenziwe ngezinto ze-polyurethane.
Ngokubanzi, i-polyurethane inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-thermosetting kunye ne-thermoplastic, kwaye inokwenziwa ibe yi-polyurethane plastics (ikakhulu i-foam plastics), i-polyurethane fibers (spandex), kunye ne-polyurethane elastomers. Uninzi lwezinto ze-polyurethane zibizwa ngokuba yi-thermosetting, njenge-polyurethane foams ezithambileyo, ezinzima kunye neziqinileyo.
Ukuphinda usebenzise i-polyurethane kudla ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuphinda usebenzise ezisetyenziswa ngokwasemzimbeni, njengoko le ndlela iphumelela kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindlela ezintathu zokuphinda usebenzise:
Le ndlela yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona. I-polyurethane foam ethambileyo ityunyuzwa ibe ziingceba ezininzi zesentimitha yi-grinder, kwaye i-reactive polyurethane adhesive itshizwa kwi-mixer. I-adhesive esetyenziswayo ngokubanzi yi-polyurethane foam combination okanye i-NCO terminated prepolymer esekelwe kwi-polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Xa usebenzisa i-adhesives esekelwe kwi-PAPI yokubopha kunye nokubumba, ukuxuba ngomphunga nako kunokungeniswa. Kwinkqubo ye-bonding waste polyurethane, yongeza i-90% waste polyurethane kunye ne-10% adhesive, xuba ngokulinganayo, okanye yongeza iidayi, uze ucinezele umxube.
Itekhnoloji yokwenza i-bonding ayipheleli nje ekubeni nokuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa ikwanokwahluka okukhulu kwiimpawu zoomatshini zemveliso yokugqibela. Eyona ndlela iphumeleleyo yokuphinda isetyenziswe yeemveliso ze-polyurethane kukuvelisa i-polyurethane foam ephinda isetyenziswe ngokubopha inkunkuma ye-bonding efana neentsalela ze-foam ezithambileyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-carpet backing, i-sports mat, izixhobo zokuthintela isandi kunye nezinye iimveliso. Amasuntswana e-foam athambileyo kunye nezincamathelisi zinokubunjwa zibe ziimveliso ezifana nee-car bottom pads kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo; Ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu, izinto ezinzima ezifana nee-pump housing zinokubunjwa.
I-polyurethane foam eqinileyo kunye ne-reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer nayo ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuxuba amasuntswana enkunkuma kunye nee-isocyanate prepolymers ukuze kwenziwe ukucinezelwa okushushu, njengokwenza iibrakethi zepayipi zeenkqubo zokufudumeza imibhobho. | 2、Ukubumba okucinezelwayo okushushu I-thermosetting polyurethane soft foam kunye neemveliso ze-RIM polyurethane zineempawu ezithile zokuthambisa ubushushu kunye ne-plasticity kumanqanaba obushushu angama-100-200 ℃. Phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, i-polyurethane elahliweyo inokudityaniswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izincamathelisi. Ukuze iimveliso ezisetyenzisiweyo zifane ngakumbi, kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukutyumza inkunkuma uze uyifudumeze kwaye uyicinezele ibe yimo.
Iimeko zokwakheka zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkunkuma ye-polyurethane kunye nemveliso ephinda isetyenziswe. Umzekelo, inkunkuma ye-polyurethane soft foam ingacinezelwa ngobushushu imizuzu eliqela kuxinzelelo lwe-1-30MPa kunye nobushushu obuyi-100-220 ° C ukuvelisa i-shock absorbers, i-mudguards, kunye nezinye izinto.
Le ndlela isetyenzisiwe ngempumelelo ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwezinto ze-polyurethane zohlobo lwe-RIM. Umzekelo, iiphaneli zeengcango zeemoto kunye neephaneli zezixhobo zinokwenziwa nge-6% ye-RIM polyurethane powder kunye ne-15% ye-fiberglass. | 3、Isetyenziswa njengesizalisi I-polyurethane soft foam inokuguqulwa ibe ziisuntswana ezincinci ngenkqubo yokutyumza okanye yokusila ngobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ukusasazeka kweesuntswana ezinjalo kongezwa kwi-polyols zokwenza i-polyurethane foam okanye ezinye iimveliso, ezingagcini nje ngokubuyisa izinto ze-polyurethane ezilahliweyo, kodwa zikwanciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ixabiso lemveliso. Umxholo wepowder ephukileyo kwi-MDI based cold cured polyurethane foam eguquguqukayo eqinisiweyo ulinganiselwe kwi-15%, kwaye i-25% yepowder ephukileyo inokongezwa kwi-TDI based hot cured foam ubuncinci.
Enye inkqubo kukongeza inkunkuma yefoam enqunqiweyo esele inqunqiwe kwi-polyol ethambileyo ye-polyether enefoam, uze uyigaye emanzini kwindawo efanelekileyo yokwenza umxube "we-polyol ephinda isetyenziswe" oqulethe amasuntswana amancinci okwenza i-foam ethambileyo.
Inkunkuma ye-RIM polyurethane ingacolwa ibe ngumgubo, ixutywe nezinto eziluhlaza, ize yenziwe ibe yi-RIM elastomers. Emva kokuba inkunkuma ye-polyurethane rigid foam kunye ne-polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam icoliwe, ingasetyenziselwa ukongeza i-5% yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwindibaniselwano ukuvelisa i-rigid foam. |
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela indlela entsha yokubuyisela amakhemikhali
Iqela leYunivesithi yase-Illinois elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uSteven Zimmerman liphuhlise indlela yokubola inkunkuma ye-polyurethane nokuyiguqula ibe zezinye iimveliso eziluncedo.
Umfundi ophumelele isidanga u-Ephraim Morado unethemba lokusebenzisa kwakhona iipolymers ngeendlela zeekhemikhali ukusombulula ingxaki yenkunkuma ye-polyurethane. Nangona kunjalo, i-polyurethane inozinzo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye yenziwe ngezinto ezimbini ezinzima ukubola: ii-isocyanates kunye nee-polyols.
Iipolyols zezona ziphambili kule ngxaki, njengoko zikhutshwa kwi-petroleum kwaye aziboli lula. Ukuze kuthintelwe obu bunzima, iqela lophando lisebenzise iyunithi yeekhemikhali eboliseka lula nenyibilikayo emanzini i-acetal. Iimveliso zokubola ezenziwe ngokunyibilikisa iipolymers nge-trichloroacetic acid kunye ne-dichloromethane kubushushu begumbi zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Njengobungqina bengcamango, iMorado inokuguqula ii-elastomers ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni nakwiindawo zeemoto zibe zi-adhesive.
Nangona kunjalo, eyona ngxaki inkulu yale ndlela intsha yokuphinda isetyenziswe yindleko kunye nobuthi bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwimpendulo. Ke ngoko, abaphandi okwangoku bazama ukufumana indlela engcono nengabizi kakhulu yokufezekisa inkqubo efanayo ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezithambileyo ezifana neviniga ukuze zonakalise.
Kwixesha elizayo, isakhiwo saseHarbin Dong'anishidis inkampaniKwakhona siza kulandela ngokusondeleyo izinto ezintsha ezikwishishini kwaye siqhubeke nokutyala imali kubuchwepheshe kunye netekhnoloji yokukhusela okusingqongileyo, siqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ukuze senze iiphaneli ze-polyurethane zaseDong'an zibe nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye zibe sempilweni. Sikwakholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho ezinye iiteknoloji ezintsha zokukhusela okusingqongileyo eziza kuzalwa kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-09-2023