Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ze-polyurethane ziye zanda kakhulu, ezifana neepaneli zokugcina ezibandayo eziveliswe nguHarbin Dong'an Building Sheets e-China, ezenziwe ngezinto ze-polyurethane.
Ngokubanzi, i-polyurethane inokohlulwa ibe yi-thermosetting kunye ne-thermoplastic, kwaye inokwenziwa kwiiplastiki ze-polyurethane (ingakumbi iiplastiki ezinogwebu), ii-polyurethane fibers (spandex), kunye ne-polyurethane elastomers. Uninzi lwemathiriyeli yepolyurethane ibizwa ngokuba yi-thermosetting, efana ne-soft, hard and semi-rigid polyurethane foam.
Ukurisayikilishwa kwe-polyurethane kaninzi kusebenzisa iindlela zokurisayikilishwa ngokwasemzimbeni, njengoko le ndlela isebenzayo kwaye inoqoqosho. Ngokukodwa, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindlela ezintathu zokurisayikilisha:
Le ndlela yeyona teknoloji isetyenziswayo yokurisayikilisha. I-foam ye-polyurethane ethambileyo ichithwa kwiisentimitha ezininzi nge-grinder, kwaye i-adhesive ye-polyurethane esebenzayo ifafazwe kumxube. I-adhesive esetyenzisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo i-polyurethane foam indibaniselwano okanye i-NCO iphelile i-prepolymer ngokusekelwe kwi-polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Xa usebenzisa i-PAPI esekelwe kwi-adhesives yokudibanisa kunye nokubumba, ukuxutywa kwe-steam kungangeniswa kwakhona. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa inkunkuma ye-polyurethane, yongeza i-90% yenkunkuma ye-polyurethane kunye ne-10% yokunamathela, udibanise ngokulinganayo, okanye udibanise iidayi ezithile, uze ucinezele umxube.
Ubuchwephesha bokubumba iteknoloji ayinayo kuphela ukuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa inokuhluka okukhulu kwiipropati zomatshini wemveliso yokugqibela. Eyona ndlela iphumeleleyo yokurisayikilisha yeemveliso ze-polyurethane kukuvelisa ugwebu olusetyenzisiweyo lwe-polyurethane ngokudibanisa ugwebu lwenkunkuma olufana nentsalela yogwebu oluthambileyo, olusetyenziswa ikakhulu njengenkxaso yekhaphethi, imathi yezemidlalo, imathiriyeli yokugquma isandi kunye nezinye iimveliso. Iincinci ze-foam ezithambileyo kunye ne-adhesives zinokubunjwa kwiimveliso ezifana neepads ezisezantsi zemoto kwiqondo lokushisa elithile kunye noxinzelelo; Ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu, izinto ezinzima ezifana nezindlu zempompo zinokubunjwa ngaphandle.
Ugwebu oluluqilima lwe-polyurethane kunye nokubumba inaliti yokusabela (RIM) i-polyurethane elastomer nayo inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuxuba amasuntswana enkunkuma kunye ne-isocyanate prepolymers ukwenza ucinezelo olushushu, njengokwenza izibiyeli zemibhobho yeenkqubo zokufudumeza imibhobho. | 2,Ukubumba ngokucinezela okushushu I-Thermosetting polyurethane foam ethambileyo kunye neemveliso ze-RIM polyurethane zineempawu ezithile zokuthambisa i-thermal kunye neplastikhi kuluhlu lobushushu obuyi-100-200 ℃. Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, inkunkuma ye-polyurethane inokudityaniswa komnye nomnye ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-adhesives. Ukuze wenze iimveliso ezihlaziyiweyo zifane ngakumbi, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukutyumza inkunkuma kwaye emva koko ushushu kwaye uyicinezele ukuba imile.
Iimeko zokubumba zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenkunkuma ye-polyurethane kunye nemveliso ehlaziyiweyo. Umzekelo, inkunkuma ye-polyurethane ethambileyo ye-foam inokuba shushu icinezelwe imizuzu eliqela kuxinzelelo lwe-1-30MPa kunye noluhlu lobushushu be-100-220 ° C ukuvelisa izinto ezithatha ukothuka, i-mudguards, kunye nezinye izinto.
Le ndlela isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kuhlaziyo lwezixhobo zemoto zohlobo lwe-RIM ye-polyurethane. Umzekelo, iipaneli zocango lwemoto kunye neepaneli zesixhobo zinokwenziwa malunga ne-6% ye-RIM polyurethane powder kunye ne-15% ye-fiberglass. | 3,Isetyenziswa njenge filler I-polyurethane i-foam ethambileyo inokujikwa ibe ngamasuntswana alungileyo ngokutyunyuzwa kobushushu obuphantsi okanye inkqubo yokusila, kwaye ukusasazwa kwamasuntswana anjalo kongezwa kwi-polyols yokuvelisa amagwebu e-polyurethane okanye ezinye iimveliso, ezingabuyiseli inkunkuma ye-polyurethane kuphela, kodwa zinciphisa ngempumelelo. ixabiso lemveliso. Umxholo womgubo owaphukileyo kwi-MDI esekwe kwi-MDI epholileyo enyangwayo eguquguqukayo i-polyurethane foam ikhawulelwe kwi-15%, kwaye i-25% yomgubo owaphukileyo unokongezwa kwi-TDI esekelwe kugwebu olunyangekileyo olushushu kakhulu.
Enye inkqubo kukongeza inkunkuma egawulweyo yogwebu yangaphambili kwi-polyether ethambileyo yogwebu, uze emva koko umanzi uyigalele kwisingqusho esifanelekileyo ukwenza umxube "owenziwe ngokutsha we-polyol" oqulethe amasuntswana amahle okwenza ugwebu oluthambileyo.
Inkunkuma ye-RIM polyurethane inokucolwa ibe ngumgubo, ixutywe nezinto ezikrwada, emva koko yenziwe ibe yi-RIM elastomers. Emva kokuba inkunkuma ye-polyurethane eqinile igwebu kunye ne-polyisocyanurate (PIR) inkunkuma yogwebu ityunyuziwe, isenokusetyenziswa ukongeza i-5% yezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ngokudityaniswa ukuvelisa ugwebu olomeleleyo. |
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela indlela entsha yokubuyisela imichiza
Iqela leYunivesithi yase-Illinois elikhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uSteven Zimmerman liphuhlise indlela yokubola inkunkuma ye-polyurethane kwaye iguqulelwe kwezinye iimveliso eziluncedo.
Umfundi ophumelele isidanga u-Ephraim Morado unethemba lokuphinda asebenzise iipolima ngeendlela zekhemikhali ukusombulula ingxaki yenkunkuma yepolyurethane. Nangona kunjalo, i-polyurethane inozinzo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye yenziwe kwizinto ezimbini ekunzima ukubola: i-isocyanates kunye ne-polyols.
Iipolyols zingundoqo kule ngxaki, njengoko zikhutshwa kwi-petroleum kwaye azikwazi ukuthotywa lula. Ukuze ugweme obu bunzima, iqela lophando lamkele iyunithi yeekhemikhali ezinyibilikayo ngokulula kunye ne-acetal. Iimveliso zokunciphisa ezenziwe ngokunyibilikisa iipolymers nge-trichloroacetic acid kunye ne-dichloromethane kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphakathi zingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha. Njengobungqina bengcinga, iMorado inokuguqula ii-elastomers ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni nakwiindawo zemoto zibe zincamathelisa.
Nangona kunjalo, eyona ntsilelo inkulu yale ndlela intsha yokurisayikilisha lixabiso kunye netyhefu yemathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukusabela. Ke ngoko, abaphandi ngoku bazama ukufumana indlela engcono nefikelelekayo yokuphumeza inkqubo efanayo ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezithambileyo ezifana neviniga yokuthotywa.
Kwixesha elizayo, isakhiwo Harbin Dong'aniphephas inkampaniiya kulandela ngokusondeleyo ukuveliswa kwemveliso kwaye iqhubeke nokutyala imali kwitekhnoloji kunye nokhuseleko lwetekhnoloji yendalo esingqongileyo, ngokuqhubekayo isungula ukwenza iiphaneli ze-Dong'an's polyurethane ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye zisempilweni. Sikwakholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho ubugcisa obutsha bokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo oluza kuzalwa kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-09-2023