Amagumbi okupholisa adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukutya, uthutho, kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso. Igcina ubushushu obuphantsi obuzinzileyo ukuze inciphise ukonakala kwemveliso kwaye igcine ubutsha. Amashishini amaninzi, kuquka ukucubungula ukutya, amayeza, kunye nothutho, axhomekeke kumagumbi okupholisa imihla ngemihla. La magumbi anokwahluka ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina ezincinci ukuya kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezinkulu ezibandayo zemizi-mveliso. Igumbi lokupholisa eliyilwe kakuhle lilinganisela ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokujikeleza komoya ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Imfuneko Kumashishini Anamhlanje
Aigumbi lokupholisayindawo elawulwa bubushushu egcina izinto ezibolayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Inceda ekugcineni ukutya, yandise ixesha lokuphelelwa kwemveliso, kwaye ithintele ukukhula kweebhaktheriya. Amaqondo obushushu ngaphakathi adla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0°C ukuya kwi-15°C, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla. Umzekelo, iziqhamo nemifuno zigcinwa ngcono kumaqondo obushushu angama-2–8°C, ngelixa iziselo zihlala zifuna malunga ne-10°C.
Amagumbi okupholisa abonakala kwiivenkile ezinkulu, kwiihotele, kwiifektri zokutya, nakwiindawo zokuhambisa izinto. Igumbi elincinci lokupholisa elingama-20 square metres linokugcina ukutya okufikelela kwiitoni ezi-5. Amagumbi okupholisa amakhulu, njengalawo akwiindawo zokuhambisa izinto, anokugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 square metres.
Injongo ephambili yeigumbi lokupholisakukususa ubushushu kwiimveliso nokugcina iimeko ezihambelanayo. Ngokungafaniyo negumbi lefriji, aliziqandisi iimpahla kodwa lizigcina zintsha ukuze zisetyenziswe imihla ngemihla okanye zigcinwe ixesha elifutshane.
Iindawo eziphambili zeGumbi lokuPholisa
Igumbi lokupholisa lineendawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzisana ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Inxalenye nganye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Inxalenye yokuqala yinkqubo yephaneli egqunyiweyo. Iindonga, isilingi, kunye nomgangatho zisebenzisa iiphaneli zesandwich ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyurethane (PU) okanye i-polyisocyanurate (PIR). Ezi paneli zithintela ukudluliselwa kobushushu ngaphandle. Umzekelo, iphaneli ye-PU eyi-100 mm inombane wobushushu oyi-0.024 W/m·K kuphela, igcina ukuguquguquka kobushushu kungaphantsi kwe-1°C ngeyure.
Inxalenye yesibini yinkqubo yokukhenkcisa. Iquka icompressor, icondenser, kunye ne-evaporator. Icompressor ijikeleza i-refrigerant, efunxa ubushushu kwigumbi lokupholisa ize ibukhuphe ngaphandle. Icompressor ye-5 HP ingapholisa igumbi elingama-50 m³ kwiyure enye.
Inxalenye yesithathu yinkqubo yokujikeleza komoya kunye nolawulo. Ii-air coolers zisasaza umoya obandayo ngokulinganayo kwaye zithintela iindawo ezishushu. Isilawuli sobushushu, ii-sensors, kunye neyunithi yokubonisa zivumela uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo. Umzekelo, isilawuli sedijithali singagcina ubushushu bukwi-4.0°C ±0.5°C ngokuzenzekelayo.
Inxalenye yesine yinkqubo yokuvala umnyango kunye nokuvala. Iingcango zegumbi lokupholisa zigqunywe nge-insulation kwaye zifakelwe ii-gaskets eziqinileyo zemagnethi ukuthintela ukuvuza komoya. Iingcango ezizivalayo ngokuzenzekelayo zinceda ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%.
Okokugqibela, amanye amagumbi okupholisa aphucukileyo aquka iinkqubo zokubeka esweni. Ezi nkqubo zirekhoda idatha yobushushu kwaye zithumela ii-alamu ngexesha lokusilela kombane okanye ukuphambuka kobushushu.
Inxalenye nganye kufuneka isebenze kakuhle ukuze kufezekiswe ukupholisa okuthembekileyo nokusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide. Okukhona izixhobo kunye namacandelo zingcono, kokukhona igumbi lokupholisa lihlala lizinzile kwaye ligcina amandla.
Amanqaku oyilo
Ukuyila igumbi lokupholisa elifanelekileyo kufuna ukuqonda ngokucacileyo iimfuno zemveliso, iimeko zendawo, kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuceba umthamo. Abayili kufuneka bazi ukuba ingakanani kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwemveliso oluza kugcinwa. Umzekelo, ukuba igumbi lokupholisa lifuna ukugcina iitoni ezili-10 zeziqhamo, umthamo woyilo kufuneka ube malunga ne-50 m³. Indawo eyongezelelweyo ivumela ukujikeleza komoya kunye nokulayisha okulula.
Okulandelayo kukwahlulahlula amaqondo obushushu. Iimpahla ezahlukeneyo zifuna amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Ezinye izakhiwo zahlula igumbi elikhulu lokupholisa libe ziiindawo. Umzekelo, inyama ingagcinwa kwi-2°C kunye nobisi kwi-5°C kwindawo enye ngokusebenzisa ii-air coolers ezahlukeneyo.
Ubukhulu bokugquma kufuneka buhambelane nobushushu obufunekayo kunye nemozulu. Kwiindawo ezishushu, iiphaneli ezinobukhulu obuyi-120 mm zisebenza ngcono kuneephaneli ezingama-75 mm. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukugquma okutyebileyo kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-15%.
Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo yefriji nako kubalulekile. Umthamo wecompressor, uhlobo lwefriji, kunye nobukhulu befeni yokupholisa kufuneka kuhambelane nomthwalo wokupholisa. Inkqubo encinci ayinakufikelela kubushushu ekujoliswe kubo, ngelixa enkulu kakhulu ichitha amandla.
Uyilo lokuhamba komoya luchaphazela ukusebenza kokupholisa. Ukungahambi kakuhle komoya kukhokelela kumaqondo obushushu angalinganiyo. Iinjineli zihlala zibeka ii-evaporators kufutshane nesilingi ukuze umoya obandayo uhle ngokulinganayo.
Okokugqibela, ukhuseleko kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kubalulekile. Ukongeza iigeyiji zoxinzelelo, ii-awara zokunyibilikisa, kunye nee-alamu ezizenzekelayo kuthintela ukonakala okubiza kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwenkqubo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kugcina ukusebenza kuzinzile.
Igumbi lokupholisa eliyilwe kakuhle lilinganisa iindleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthembeka, liqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokukhuselekileyo.
Ungayivelisa kwaye uyifake njani igumbi lokupholisa elikumgangatho ophezulu?
Ukuveliswa nokufakelwa kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwegumbi lokupholisa. Ukufakelwa kakubi kunokubangela ukuvuza komoya, ukupholisa okungalinganiyo, kunye neebhili zamandla eziphezulu.
Inkqubo yemveliso iqala ngokwenziwa kweephaneli ngokuchanekileyo. Iphaneli nganye kufuneka ihambelane nobukhulu boyilo ngaphakathi kwe-±2mm. Abavelisi abasemgangathweni ophezulu basebenzisa imigca yemveliso eqhubekayo kwiiphaneli ze-PU okanye ze-PIR. Oku kuqinisekisa uxinano oluhambelanayo, ukuba tyaba, kunye namalungu angangeni moya.
Ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa, abasebenzi badibanisa iiphaneli ngeejoyinti zolwimi kunye nomngxuma baze bazitywine nge-silicone ukuvala iibhulorho zobushushu. Umzekelo, ijoyinti evalwe kakuhle inokunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu nge-5–8%.
Okulandelayo kuza kufakelwa izixhobo zokukhenkcisa. I-compressor, i-condenser, kunye ne-evaporator kufuneka ziqhagamshelwe kwiipayipi zobhedu. Zonke iijoyinti zepayipi kufuneka zifakwe i-welded kwaye zivavanyelwe ukuvuza. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo kwi-2.5MPa luqinisekisa ukuba akukho lahleko yefriji.
Iingcingo zombane kufuneka zilandele imithetho yokhuseleko engqongqo. Iibhokisi zolawulo mazihlale zomile kwaye zifikeleleka lula. Iingcingo mazibe nemikhono yokukhusela ubushushu ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala komswakama.
Okokugqibela, ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo. Iinjineli zivavanya uzinzo lobushushu begumbi ubuncinane iiyure ezili-12. Umahluko phakathi kobushushu obusetiweyo nobokwenyani akufuneki udlule kwi-1°C.
Ukuveliswa nokufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenza igumbi lokupholisa libe nempumelelo, lithembeke, kwaye lihlale ixesha elide. Iinkcukacha zonke kule nkqubo zinegalelo ekongeni amandla ngokubanzi kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso.
Usetyenziso lwamagumbi okupholisa
Imfuno yemarike yamagumbi okupholisa ingaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba abantu becinga. Ukongeza kwiindawo zokutyela, iimarike ezithengisa ngobuninzi, iinkampani zokulungisa ukutya kunye ne-logistics, iifama, izityalo zeekhemikhali, kwaneenkampani ezinxulumene namayeza zonke zifuna amagumbi okupholisa.
Abavelisi bezolimo basebenzisa amagumbi okupholisa ukugcina izityalo ezivuniweyo ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe kwimarike. Oku kunceda abalimi baphephe ukwehla kwamaxabiso okubangelwa kukwanda kakhulu kwemveliso ngequbuliso. Njengakwifama yabo bonke abalimi bekiwi eOstreliya, kukho amagumbi okupholisa aphucukileyo. Amagumbi okupholisa aqinisekisa ukuba iziqhamo ezivuniweyo zihlala zintsha.
Ishishini lamayeza likwaxhomekeke kumagumbi okupholisa. Iigonyo ezininzi kunye namayeza afuna ukugcinwa phakathi kwe-2°C kunye ne-8°C. Indawo yokupholisa ezinzileyo iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthobela imigangatho yezempilo.
Igumbi lokupholisa lingaphezulu nje kwendawo ebandayo—yindawo elawulwayo egcina umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Uyilo olucokisekileyo, imveliso esemgangathweni, kunye nokufakwa ngokuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ubushushu obuzinzileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Nokuba kukwindawo yokugcina ukutya, amayeza, okanye uthutho, amagumbi okupholisa akhusela iimveliso ezixabisekileyo kwaye anciphisa inkunkuma.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-05-2025