Ulimo lwanamhlanje lufuna ukusebenza kakuhle nokuqina, kwaye iifama zeenkukhu zesinyithi zibonelela ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo kubalimi banamhlanje. Ezi zakhiwo zibonelela ngendawo elawulwayo yokukhulisa iintaka. Zikhusela imihlambi kwimozulu embi nakwizinambuzane. Abalimi bakhetha intsimbi ngaphezu komthi okanye ikhonkrithi. Imarike yehlabathi yezi zakhiwo ikhula malunga ne-6% ngonyaka. Intsimbi ivumela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye neemeko zococeko. Imozulu elawulwayo iqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okusinda. Oku kunyusa ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womlimi. Utyalo-mali lokuqala luhlawula ngokuphila ixesha elide. Ezi zakhiwo zimele ikamva lokuveliswa kwenyama namaqanda ngokufanelekileyo.
Iimpawu zesakhiwo seefama zeenkukhu zesinyithi
Umbindi weefama zeenkukhu zesinyithi uxhomekeke kumqolo wentsimbi oqinileyo. Iinjineli zihlala zisebenzisa intsimbi ye-Q345B kwiifreyimu eziphambili. Le nto yomelele kakhulu ixhasa ububanzi ngokulula. Uninzi lwezindlu zeenkukhu lufikelela kwiimitha ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-15. Olu bubanzi luphucula ukuhamba komoya ngaphandle kweekholamu zangaphakathi.
Iipurlin zophahlaBadibanisa iifreyimu kunye. Abakhi badla ngokukhetha intsimbi ye-C-section okanye i-Z-section kwii-purlin. Ezi zinto zihlala zilinganisa ubukhulu obuyi-2.5 millimeters. Zixhasa ubunzima obukhulu bophahla.
Iphiko lophahla lihlala phakathi kwama-degrees asi-8 ukuya kwi-12 ukulawula ukuhamba kwemvula. Isakhiwo sisebenzisa ii-purlin ezinobukhulu be-C160 okanye i-C180 ukuxhasa iiphaneli zophahla.
Inkqubo yokubopha eludongeni isebenzisa amalungu e-C140 kuluhlu oluninzi lwezakhiwo. Iifama ezininzi zisebenzisaiiphaneli zesandwichenoxinano lwe-40 kg nge-cubic meter nganye yokukhusela ubushushu. Oluxinano luqinisekisa amaxabiso e-R azinzileyo kunye nolawulo lokufuma oluqikelelweyo. Uyilo lukwahlukanisa iindawo ezingcolileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo ezinezahlulo zangaphakathi.
Iingcango zisebenzisa iifreyimu ze-galvanized ezinobukhulu obuyi-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.2 mm. Ukuphakama kwangaphakathi kudla ngokuba phakathi kweemitha eziyi-2.5 ukuya kweziyi-3.0. Olu kuphakama lugcina umthamo womoya uzinzile kwaye luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komoya. Indlu yenkukhu yanamhlanje ifuna umoya ohambayo oyi-2.5 ukuya kwi-3.5 cubic metres ngeyure ngekhilogram nganye yobunzima obuphilayo, kwaye i-geometry yentsimbi ivumela iindlela zomoya ohambayo ngokuthe ngqo. Iifeni zokukhupha umoya zihlala zifikelela kububanzi obuyi-50 ukuya kwi-54 intshi kwaye zibonelela nge-18,000 ukuya kwi-21,000 cubic metres ngeyure. Isakhiwo sithwala le mithwalo ngaphandle kweengxaki zokungcangcazela.
Iingenelo eziphambili zeefama zeenkukhu zesinyithi
Isantya sichaza inkqubo yokwakha iifama zentsimbi. Ishedi ye-1,000 square metres ithatha iintsuku ezingama-20 kuphela. Oku kukhawuleza ngama-30% kuneendlela zokwakha zekhonkrithi zemveli. Ukwakha ngokukhawuleza kuthetha ukuba ifama iqala ukufumana imali ngokukhawuleza. Abalimi babona imbuyekezo ekhawulezileyo kutyalo-mali lwabo.
Ukuqina kwayo kusebenza njengenye inzuzo enkulu. Intsimbi iyamelana nokubola kwenkunkuma yenkukhu. Ukufakwa kwe-galvanization kukhusela amalungu esakhiwo kwi-rust. Ukufakwa kwe-zinc engama-275 g/m² kwandisa ubomi bayo ngokubonakalayo. Ezi zakhiwo zihlala ixesha elide ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Izakhiwo zomthi zihlala zibola kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.
Iinkqubo zentsimbi zibonelela ngobomi obude benkonzo kunye nomthamo womthwalo oqinileyo. Isakhelo sentsimbi se-Q235 okanye se-Q345 sifikelela kumandla okuvelisa angama-235 ukuya kuma-345 MPa. Esi sakhiwo sixhasa imithwalo yophahla engama-0.3 ukuya kuma-0.6 kN ngemitha yesikwere kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni. Abanini beefama bakhetha intsimbi kuba bafuna ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kuzo zonke iixesha zonyaka. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyamelana nokuguquguquka kwaye zigcina ulungelelwano iminyaka emininzi.
Ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo luphucuka kakhulu xa kuziwa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Iindawo ezithambileyo azinazo iincukuthu okanye iintsholongwane. Iimfanta zomthi zihlala zifihla iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Intsimbi isusa ngokupheleleyo le ngozi yezinto eziphilayo. Ukucoca kuba ngumsebenzi okhawulezayo nolula.
Ukumelana nomlilo kukhusela imfuyo exabisekileyo. Intsimbi ayibangeli umlilo. Olu phawu lwehlisa iiprimiyamu zeinshorensi phantse nge-15%. Ubuhlobo nokusingqongileyo bukwatsala abatyali-mali banamhlanje. Izixhobo zentsimbi ziphinda zisetyenziswe nge-100%. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wendalo esingqongileyo kwifama.
Ii-span ezicacileyo zivumela indawo yeendawo zokutyela, iziselo, kunye nemibhobho yokungenisa umoya. Iiphaneli ze-thermal ezinobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-50 ukuya kwi-100 mm zilawula ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Olu seto lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10 ukuya kwi-18 ekhulwini xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zodonga oluncinci. Iifama zifumana ukhuseleko lwe-bio oluqikelelweyo kuba i-envelope ivala kakuhle kwaye ixhasa ukuhamba komoya okulawulwayo.
Uyilo kunye noLawulo lweNdalo
Iinjineli kufuneka zibale ubunzima ngononophelo. Iinkukhu ezifuywayo zidla ngokufuna iintaka ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-14 kwimitha yesikwere nganye.
Ukuguquguquka kobushushu kunokutshabalalisa umhlambi weenkukhu. Ukhuselo lusebenza njengokhuselo oluphambili kwimozulu. Iiphaneli zesandwich zenza iindonga nophahla. Ezi paneli ziqulethe uboya be-EPS, PU, okanye i-fiberglass.
Ubukhulu obuphakathi kwama-50 mm ukuya kuma-75 mm buqhelekile. Oku kudala ukuqhekeka kobushushu obuvela ngaphandle. Kwimozulu ebandayo, oku kusindisa iindleko ezinkulu zamandla. Iindleko zokufudumeza zehla malunga nama-25% ngeepaneli ezifanelekileyo. Isakhiwo sigcina ubushushu obuveliswa ziintaka. Ehlotyeni, uphahla lubonakalisa imitha yelanga. Iipaneli ezimhlophe zangaphandle zinciphisa ukwanda kobushushu bangaphakathi.
Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa zifuna indawo efanelekileyo. Izibane ze-LED zibonelela ngobukhali obufanayo. Izibane ezifinyezwayo zinceda ukulawula amanqanaba omsebenzi weentaka. Ishedyuli yokukhanya kweeyure ezili-16 isebenza kakuhle. Oku kukhuthaza ukutya okuhlala kuhleli kunye neendlela zokukhula.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko zeefama zeenkukhu zesinyithi
Iingcaphuno zokuqala zentsimbi zinokubonakala ziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zizonke zobunini ziphantsi. Umjikelo omfutshane wokwakha unciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi zokwakha kwelinye icala, kwaye kwangaxeshanye unciphisa imbuyekezo yomjikelo wotyalo-mali lwemali. Ukongeza, xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo kunye neenkuni, iifama zeenkukhu zesinyithi zilungele ngakumbi ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokuthintela izifo. Izinga lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto zesinyithi liphezulu kwaye zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukudilizwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesakhiwo kunokwenzeka. Oku kuguquguquka kongeza kubuhle bezoqoqosho.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-12-2025