Iindlu zokugcina izityalo zoshishino zonyusa imveliso yezolimo

Iigreenhouse zemizi-mveliso zixhasa imveliso yezityalo ezinkulu. Zilawula imozulu ukuze izityalo zikhule ngokuzinzileyo. Iindawo ezininzi zikhulisa imifuno, iziqhamo kunye neentyatyambo. Igreenhouse igcina ubushushu, umswakama kunye nokukhanya. Iindawo zemveliso eziqhelekileyo ziqala kwi-5,000 m² ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 m². Iindawo ezilawulwayo zonyusa isivuno kunye nomgangatho. Abaqhubi abaninzi basebenzisa iigreenhouse ukulima unyaka wonke. Iinkqubo zoshishino zinciphisa umngcipheko wemozulu kwaye ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Olu lwakhiwo luxhasa imfuno yezolimo yanamhlanje.

Isakhelo seSakhiwo kunye nezixhobo zeGreenhouses zeMizi-mveliso

Ulwakhiwo lwezindlu zokugcina izityalo zoshishino lwenzelwe ukubonelela ngozinzo, ukuqina, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo lokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yezityalo ezinkulu. Inkqubo ephambili ethwala umthwalo idla ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo sentsimbi ngenxa yomlinganiselo wayo ophezulu wamandla ukuya kubunzima. I-Hot-dip galvanisediikholamu zentsimbi kunye nee-trusseszisetyenziswa rhoqo. Ubukhulu be-zinc coating budla ngokufikelela kwi-80–120 μm, nto leyo eqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo obudlula iminyaka engama-20 kwiindawo ezifumileyo.

Inkqubo yesiseko idlulisela imithwalo yegreenhouse emhlabeni. Abayili badla ngokusebenzisa iziseko zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo okanye iziseko ezizimeleyo. Ezi ziseko ziyamelana nemithwalo ethe nkqo, ukuphakanyiswa komoya, kunye namandla athe tye. Kwimimandla enemimoya enamandla, imithwalo yomoya yoyilo idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.8 kN/m². Iibholithi ezifanelekileyo zokubambelela zidibanisaiikholamu zentsimbiukuya kwisiseko kwaye kuphuculwe uzinzo ngokubanzi. Isithuba esiqhelekileyo seentsika siqala kwi-4 m ukuya kwi-8 m.

Isakhiwo sophahla sidla ngokusebenzisa uyilo olunemiqolo okanye olunemiqolo emininzi. Olu lwakhiwo lunciphisa ukumelana nomoya kwaye luvumela ukutsalwa kwamanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Izakhiwo zophahla ziyamelana nesantya somoya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70 km/h. Ezinye imizobo ziyamelana ne-100 km/h. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bobubanzi buqala kwi-8 ukuya kwi-12 yeemitha, ngelixa ukuphakama kwemibhobho kudla ngokuba phakathi kweemitha ezi-4 kunye nezi-6. Iitrusses okanye iipurlin zixhasa izinto zokugquma kwaye zisasaze imithwalo ngokulinganayo. Uphahla kufuneka lumelane nemithwalo yekhephu, enokufikelela kwi-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.5 kN/m² kwiindawo ezibandayo.

Ukuphakama kwefreyimu kuxhasa umthamo womoya. Ukuphakama kwemisele kudla ngokuba phakathi kwe-4 m ukuya kwi-7 m. Ukuphakama kwemisele kudla ngokuba phakathi kwe-6 m ukuya kwi-9 m.

Izixhobo zokugquma kunye nokuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwezindlu zogcino-moya zemizi-mveliso

Izinto zokugquma zichaphazela ukukhula kwezityalo. Iindawo ezininzi zokugcina izityalo zoshishino zisebenzisa iifilimu zeglasi okanye zeplastiki. Ubukhulu beglasi edadayo budla ngokuba yi-4 mm. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kweglasi kufikelela kwi-88% ukuya kwi-91%. Ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu kuxhasa i-photosynthesis.

Iifilimu zeplastiki ziquka amaphepha e-polyethylene. Ubukhulu befilimu buhlala buqala kwi-150 μm ukuya kwi-200 μm. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kufikelela kwi-85% ukuya kwi-90%. Iifilimu eziphathwe nge-UV zihlala iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5.

Ezinye ii-greenhouse zisebenzisa iiphaneli ze-polycarbonate. Ubukhulu beephaneli buhlala buyi-8 mm ukuya kwi-10 mm. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kufikelela kwi-80% ukuya kwi-85%. Ezi paneli ziphucula ubushushu.

Isigqubuthelo sikwathintela imisebe ye-UV eyingozi. Ukuthintela i-UV kukhusela izityalo kunye nabasebenzi. Iinkqubo zomthunzi zinciphisa amandla okukhanya. Izikrini zomthunzi zinciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngama-30% ukuya kuma-60%. Ulawulo lokukhanya luphucula ukufana kwezityalo kunye nesivuno.

Iinkqubo zoLawulo lweMozulu zeZindlu zokuGcina iiGreenhouses zeMizi-mveliso

Ulawulo lwemozulu luchaza ukusebenza kwe-greenhouse kwimizi-mveliso. Ulawulo lobushushu luhlala lubalulekile. Izityalo ezininzi zikhula kakuhle phakathi kwe-18°C kunye ne-26°C. Iinkqubo zokufudumeza zigcina ubushushu basebusika. Iibhoyila zamanzi ashushu zihlala zibonelela ngamanzi angama-80°C.

Iinkqubo zokupholisa zilawula ubushushu basehlotyeni. Iinkqubo zephedi kunye neefeni zinciphisa ubushushu nge-8°C ukuya kwi-12°C. Iifeni zokungenisa umoya zihamba ukusuka kwi-30,000 ukuya kwi-50,000 m³/h. Iifestile zokungenisa umoya eluphahleni zikwaxhasa ukutshintshana komoya.
Ulawulo lomswakama lukhusela impilo yezityalo. Umswakama ofanelekileyo uhlala uphakathi kwama-60% ukuya kuma-80%. Ukususa umswakama kunciphisa iingozi zokungunda.

Ukutyetyiswa kwe-CO₂ kuphucula ukukhula. Iinkqubo ezininzi ziphakamisa amanqanaba e-CO₂ ukuya kwi-800–1,200 ppm. Oku kunyuka kwandisa i-photosynthesis ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%.

Izilawuli ezizenzekelayo zilawula imozulu. Izinzwa zilandelela ubushushu ngomzuzu ngamnye. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo luqinisekisa ukukhula okuzinzileyo.

Iinkqubo zoLwakhiwo lwangaphakathi kunye noLwakhiwo

Uyilo lwangaphakathi luxhasa imveliso ephumelelayo. Iindawo ezininzi zokugcina izityalo zahlulahlula indawo ibe zii-bay ezikhulayo. I-bay nganye idla ngokuba nobubanzi obuyi-6 m ukuya kwi-9.6 m.

Iinkqubo zokulima zahlukile ngokwezityalo. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe emhlabeni zihlala zixhaphakile. Iinkqubo ze-hydroponic ziyathandwa. Iigutter ezikhulayo zixhasa izityalo zediliya. Ukuphakama kwegutter kudla ngokuba yi-0.6 m ukuya kwi-1.2 m. Iinkqubo ezihlengahlengiswayo ziphucula i-ergonomics.

Iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zibonelela ngezondlo. Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuthontsiza kunika amanzi kwiilitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngeyure kwisityalo ngasinye. Isisombululo sezondlo i-EC sihlala siphakathi kwe-1.5 kunye ne-2.5 mS/cm.

Olu lwakhiwo lukwabandakanya iindlela zenkonzo. Ububanzi beendlela buhlala buqala kwi-0.8 m ukuya kwi-1.2 m. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lunciphisa ixesha lomsebenzi.

Izinto Ezibalulekileyo Ngomthengisi Olungileyo

Ezi mpawu zezindlu zokugcina izityalo zoshishino zibeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo kunye nomgangatho wezinto zabakhi, kwaye kuye kwaba yimfuneko kakhulu ukufumana umboneleli onamandla.

Inkampani iHarbin Dong`an Building Sheets yinkampani ephambili kumenzi wesakhiwo sentsimbi eTshayina. Le nkampani inembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40. Inkampani iDongan ineqela loyilo elinamava. Iinjineli zinokuyila ngokufanelekileyo isakhiwo sendlu eluhlaza ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yamava eprojekthi. Nangona zihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zabathengi, iingxaki ezinokufunyanwa ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokufakelwa kwezinto ziyathintelwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Inkampani yaseDongan iwubona ubaluleke kakhulu umgangatho weemveliso zayo. IDongan ifumana intsimbi kubaboneleli abakumgangatho ophezulu. Bahlala besebenzisa izinto ezivela kwiimpawu ezidumileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu. IDongan ihlola yonke ibhetshi yezinto eziluhlaza ngokucokisekileyo. Zizinto ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kuphela ezingena kumgca wemveliso.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkampani ikwanazo neendlela zokuvelisa eziphambili ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokunikezelwa okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zentsimbi. Umzi-mveliso uxhotyiswe ngoomatshini bokusika nge-laser kunye needrill ze-3D CNC, ezinokunciphisa iimpazamo ekucutshungulweni kwezixhobo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye inokufakelwa kakuhle, kunciphisa ixesha lokufakwa kunye nemingcipheko enokubakho kwixesha elizayo.