Ungazikhetha njani iifreyimu zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo kwisakhiwo sakho?

Ukukhetha iifreyimu zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo kugqiba ukuba isakhiwo siya kuba namandla, sikhuselekile, kwaye singabizi mali kangakanani na. Iifreyimu zentsimbi zixhasa iindawo zokugcina impahla, iifektri, iiofisi, kwanamakhaya namhlanje. Iprojekthi nganye ifuna ifreyimu ehambelana nobukhulu bayo, umsebenzi wayo, kunye nendawo yayo. Ukhetho olubi lunokunyusa iindleko okanye lube buthathaka uzinzo. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo oluhle luphucula ukusebenza kwaye lugcina ixesha ngexesha lokwakha.

Ukuqwalaselwa Okubanzi Kweemfuno

Isakhiwo ngasinye senza umsebenzi owahlukileyo, kwaye izakhelo zentsimbi kufuneka zilingane naloo msebenzi. Indawo yokusebenzela yemizi-mveliso ifuna imiqadi eqinileyo kunevenkile encinci yokuthengisa. Umzekelo, indawo yokugcina impahla idla ngokusebenzisa izakhelo ezibanzi ukuze ivuleke kakhulu. Isakhelo esicacileyo semitha ezingama-30 sivumela ukuhamba okulula kwefolokhwe ngaphandle kweekholamu zangaphakathi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isakhiwo seofisi sinokusebenzisa iziphambuka ezincinci kuba izahlulo zahlula indawo.

Iimeko zokusingqongileyo nazo ziyayichaphazela indlela okhethwa ngayo. Isakhiwo esiselunxwemeni sifuna intsimbi enganyangekiyo ngumhlwa, ngelixa indawo eyomileyo ngaphakathi ingasebenzisa amanqanaba entsimbi aqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa kwesityalo sokulungisa ukutya kwaselwandle ecaleni kolwandle kufuna ingqalelo kwindlela yokuthintela umhlwa yesakhiwo. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi eqinisiweyo okanye ukutshiza ipeyinti ethintela umhlwa kunokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo obude besakhiwo.

Isakhelo kufuneka sihambelane nokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba sandiswe, iifreyimu zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwimodyuli zivumela ukwandiswa kube lula. Ukuchaza injongo kwangethuba kunceda ukuphepha iindleko zokuyila ngokutsha kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sihlangabezana neemfuno zangoku nezexesha elizayo ngokufanelekileyo.

Khetha Uhlobo Lwesakhelo Oluchanekileyo

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesakhelo zifezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zoyilo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zintathu zesakhelo esiqinileyo, isakhelo se-truss, kunye nesakhelo se-portal.

Isakhelo esiqinileyo sibonelela ngokumelana okunamandla nokugoba. Sifanele iifektri kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla ezijongene nomoya omkhulu okanye imithwalo yekhephu. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumazwe afana neRashiya neKhanada afuna ukujongana nemozulu ebandayo nembi ixesha elide.

Isakhelo se-truss sisebenzisa iiyunithi eziziingxantathu ukusasaza imithwalo ngokufanelekileyo. Sisebenza kakuhle kwiiphahla ezinkulu ezifana neeholo zemidlalo okanye iindawo zemiboniso. Isakhelo se-truss singafikelela kwiimitha ezingama-50 sisebenzisa intsimbi encinci kune-boriti eqinileyo, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zezinto zokwakha nge-15%.

Isakhelo sesango sifanelekile kwizakhiwo zoshishino eziphakathi. Sidibanisa ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokuhlanganiswa okukhawulezayo. Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo esebenzisa isakhelo sesango seemitha ezingama-25 ingagqiba isakhiwo sayo kwiintsuku ezingama-30.

Cinga ngeBanga lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye noMgangatho

Ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezinamandla afanayo. Umgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo uchaphazela umthamo womthwalo, ukuqina, kunye neendleko. Umgangatho wentsimbi yesakhiwo eqhelekileyo iquka i-Q235, i-Q345, kunye ne-ASTM A36. I-Q235 ifanele izakhiwo ezikhaphukhaphu ezifana neeworkshops ezincinci, ngelixa i-Q345 ixhasa imithwalo enzima njengezakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi.

Umzekelo, iflethi enamabala amabiniindawo yokubonisa yentsimbiIsebenzise intsimbi ye-Q345B yaza yafumana amandla aphezulu angama-20% ngobukhulu obufanayo nobe-Q235. Amandla okuvelisa e-Q345 amalunga ne-345 MPa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-235 MPa kwi-Q235, oko kuthetha ukuba inokusingatha imithwalo enzima ngaphambi kokuba igobe.

Ulawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lemveliso nalo lubalulekile. Intsimbi enobume obungalinganiyo okanye ukuwelda okubi inokuqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo. Soloko ukhetha izinto ezineziqinisekiso zomatshini kunye neengxelo zokuhlolwa ngumntu wesithathu. Iingubo ezigayiweyo okanye ezipeyintiweyo zongeza ukhuseleko ekungcoleni, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zangaphandle.

Vavanya uyilo lomthwalo kunye nolwakhiwo

Oqinileyoifreyimu yentsimbikufuneka zithwale yonke imithwalo elindelekileyo ngokukhuselekileyo. Iinjineli zibala imithwalo efileyo, imithwalo ephilayo, kunye nemithwalo yokusingqongileyo efana nomoya okanye ikhephu. Umthwalo uwonke umisela ubungakanani bomqadi, isithuba sekholamu, kunye nohlobo lokudibana.

Umzekelo, indawo yokugcina oomatshini abanzima ingadinga iintsika rhoqo emva kweemitha ezisi-8, ngelixa indawo yokugcina izinto encinci ingadinga indawo yazo kangangeemitha ezili-12 ukusuka kwenye. Isakhiwo esikwindawo enomoya omkhulu singadinga iindawo ezityebileyo okanye ukuxhaswa okungakumbi.

Impazamo encinci ekubaleni umthwalo inokubangela ukuguquka okanye ukungcangcazela. Indawo enye yokwakha inciphise isithuba seentsika ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha emva kokulinganisa ibonise uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo lwemitha phantsi komthwalo opheleleyo. Olu hlengahlengiso luphucule uzinzo ngaphandle kokunyusa iindleko ezininzi.

Isoftware yanamhlanje efana neTekla okanye i-STAAD.Pro inceda ukulayisha iimodeli ngokuchanekileyo. Ukumodela kwe-3D kukwabona iingxabano zoyilo kwangethuba, kunciphisa ukuphinda kusetyenzwe kwindawo. Isicwangciso somthwalo esiyilwe kakuhle siqinisekisa ukuba isakhelo sentsimbi sisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo amashumi eminyaka phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko.

Gxila kuYilo loQhagamshelo kunye nokuFakwa

Uqhagamshelo ludibanisa imiqadi, iikholamu, kunye nee-braces kunye. Uqhagamshelo olubi lunokungaphumeleli nokuba amalungu aphambili aqinile. Abayili bakhetha phakathi kwamalungu aneebholiti kunye namalungu enziwe ngentsimbi edibeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiprojekthi.

Uqhagamshelo olunamabholiti lukhawuleza kwaye kulula ukulufaka, lufanelekile kwizakhiwo ezisele zenziwe ngaphambili. Zivumela ukuba iindawo zitshintshwe okanye zilungiswe kwindawo yazo. Umzekelo, iholo yentsimbi esele yenziwe ngaphambili eVietnam yasebenzisa amajoyinti anebholiti kwaye ukwakhiwa kwayo kwagqitywa nge-20% ngokukhawuleza.

Uqhagamshelo oludibeneyo lunika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okungcono kodwa lufuna abasebenzi abanezakhono. Lufanele izakhiwo ezihlala zihleli ezifana neebhulorho okanye izityalo ezinkulu.

Ulawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezinto luthintela iingxaki kwixesha elizayo. Imingxunya engalunganga okanye ii-welds ezingalunganga zinciphisa umthamo womthwalo. Ukusebenzisa oomatshini bokusika nokugrumba abazenzekelayo kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Emva kokwenziwa kwezinto, iindawo kufuneka zifumane ii-anti-rust coating okanye i-galvanization.

Cinga ngeendleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuzinza

Ixabiso lidlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni iifreyimu, kodwa ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu alusoloko lungcono. Uyilo oluhle lugcina imali ekwakheni nasekusebenzeni. Iifreyimu zentsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kwaye zikhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso osebenzisa ii-H-beams ezikhaphukhaphu unciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi iyonke nge-18% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngamandla.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla nako kubalulekile. Intsimbi ibonisa ubushushu kwaye ixhasa iinkqubo ezilungileyo zokukhusela ubushushu, inciphisa iindleko zamandla. Intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo lukhetho olunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kuba i-90% yentsimbi yokwakha inokusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

Ukwakhiwa kwangaphambili nako kuyanceda. Izinto zentsimbi ezenziwe ngumzi-mveliso zinciphisa umsebenzi kwindawo kwaye zifinyeze iishedyuli. Xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zemveli, umjikelo wokwakhiwa kweziko lezothutho elinefreyimu yentsimbi engama-5,000-square-meter ungafinyezwa ngeenyanga ezimbini.

Xa ucwangcisa iindleko, bandakanya izinto ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nokugcinwa, ukuhlaziywa kwengubo, kunye nokonga amandla. Isakhelo sentsimbi esizinzileyo nesisebenzayo sinika ixabiso elingcono kunezinye iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwangethuba.

Ucwangciso Lokugcinwa Nokuhlala Uqinile

Uyilo oluhle lukwaqwalasela indlela yokugcina isakhelo somelele ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kuthintela ukugqwala kunye nokuguguleka. Ukupeyinta okanye ukugalela isinyithi kumphezulu kukhusela ukufuma kunye neekhemikhali. Kwimimandla eselunxwemeni okanye enomswakama, ukupeyinta kwakhona rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu kugcina isakhiwo sikwimeko entle.

Uyilo lwemibhobho yamanzi luyanceda. Uphahla kunye neeplanga kufuneka zithintele ukuqokelelana kwamanzi. Ichibi elincinci lamanzi linokubangela amabala okugqwala kwisithuba seenyanga ezimbalwa. Kwifektri enye, ukutshintsha imivalo ethe tyaba ngeyomqadi kunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa umhlwa ngama-30%.

Iibholiti kunye namalungu afuna ukuqina rhoqo, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo ezijongene nokungcangcazela. Ukujonga ii-welds ukuba azinazimfa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini kuthintela iingozi.

Ukukhetha isakhelo sentsimbi esifanelekileyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kwamandla kuphela. Abayili kufuneka baqwalasele injongo yokwakha, uhlobo lwesakhelo, umgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, imithwalo, kunye nokugcinwa. Imizekelo yokwenyani ibonisa ukuba uyilo olukrelekrele lunokunciphisa iindleko, lufinyeze iishedyuli, kwaye lonyuse ubomi. Ngokukhetha noyilo olucokisekileyo, isakhelo sentsimbi asibi sisakhiwo nje kuphela, kodwa sisixhobo sexesha elide kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi yokwakha.