Amagumbi okugcina iziqhamo akhuselekile ngexesha lokugcina nokuthutha. Iimarike ezininzi kunye neefama zisebenzisa esi sisombululo ukugcina iziqhamo zikhuselekile ixesha elide. Indawo ezinzileyo iyacothisa ukuvuthwa kwaye inciphise ukulahleka. Uninzi lweziqhamo luhlala lukwimeko entle xa amaqondo obushushu ehlala phakathi kwe-0°C kunye ne-10°C. Umswakama ophakathi kwe-85% kunye ne-95% nawo uyanceda. Amagumbi okugcina iziqhamo anamhlanje anika ubushushu obuqinileyo, amandla okupholisa aqinileyo, kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zikhonza ii-apile, iipere, iidiliya, amaqunube, kunye neziqhamo ezininzi zasetropiki. Igumbi lokugcina iziqhamo liphucula ubutsha phantse nge-40% xa kuthelekiswa nendawo yokugcina evulekileyo.
Abalinganiswa abaphambili bamagumbi abandayo eziqhamo
Isiqhamoamagumbi abandayogxila kubushushu obuzinzileyo, ukufuma okufanelekileyo, kunye nokuhamba komoya okucocekileyo. Ezi mpawu zintathu zixhasa ubomi obude beshelufu. Ukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu konakalisa umgangatho weziqhamo ngaphantsi kweyure enye. Ukulahleka komswakama kukwacinezela iziqhamo kwaye kunciphisa ubunzima. Abaqhubi abaninzi babeka ukufuma kwi-90% yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Isantya sokuhamba komoya sihlala sikufutshane ne-1.5 m/s ukukhusela iziqhamo ezithambileyo.
Iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo zifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Iiapile zihlala zintsha kwi-0°C. Iidiliya zikhetha i-1°C. Iziqhamo zeCitrus zifuna i-3°C ukuya kwi-7°C. Iimango zifuna i-10°C ukuze zingangenwa yingqele. Olu luhlu olubanzi lubonisa ukuba kutheni igumbi elibandayo kufuneka linike ulawulo oluqinileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nako kwenza uphawu oluphambili. Igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo elingama-20 m³ lidla ngokufuna amandla okupholisa angama-1.5 kW. Igumbi elingama-100 m³ linokufuna ama-5 kW. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo buyawunciphisa lo mthwalo. Iingcango ezilungileyo zikwagcina umoya ofudumeleyo ungangeni. Igumbi lokubanda kufuneka limelane nobushushu bangaphandle obuvela kwiindonga nakwiingcango.
Ukhuseleko nalo lubalulekile. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ii-alamu ezilumkisa xa ubushushu bunyuka ngaphezu kwe-1°C. Abaqhubi abaninzi bongeza ii-CO₂ sensors kuba iziqhamo ziyaphefumla ngexesha lokugcina. Le nkqubo yonyusa amanqanaba e-CO₂ ngaphakathi kwigumbi. Umoya ofanelekileyo ukhusela abasebenzi kunye neziqhamo. Ezi mpawu zidala indawo elawulwayo egcina iziqhamo zizinzile ngexesha elide.
Iimfuneko zobushushu zegumbi elibandayo leziqhamo
Ulawulo lobushushu lwenza intliziyo yegumbi elibandayo leziqhamo. Isiqhamo ngasinye sisabela ngokwahlukileyo ekubandeni. Abaqhubi kufuneka bazi uluhlu olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba balayishe. Iiapile zihlala zikhuselekile kwi-0°C kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwe-120. Iipeya zigcina umgangatho wazo iintsuku ezingama-90 kwi-1°C. Iidiliya zigcinwa kakuhle kwi-1°C kodwa zifuna umoya ococekileyo kakhulu. Iibhanana zifuna i-13°C ukuya kwi-14°C. Nabuphi na ubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-12°C buyayonakalisa indlela ebukeka ngayo ibhanana. Iibheringi ezifana neestrawberry kunye neeblueberries zifuna umoya obandayo kufutshane ne-0°C ukuze zihlale ziqinile.
Itshati elula inceda abaqhubi ukuba balawule imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Amaqela eziqhamo aqhelekileyo ahlulahlulwe abe ziingingqi ezintathu. Indawo yokuqala isukela kwi-0°C ukuya kwi-2°C. Indawo yesibini isukela kwi-3°C ukuya kwi-7°C. Kwaye indawo yesithathu isukela kwi-8°C ukuya kwi-13°C. Amagumbi amaninzi abandayo aphatha iindawo ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Ifama enkulu ingasebenzisa amagumbi amathathu amaqela eziqhamo ahlukeneyo.
Izinzwa zobushushu zijonga iimeko rhoqo emva kwemizuzwana engama-30. Uninzi lweenkqubo zibeka ubuncinane izinzwa ezine kwigumbi elingange-100 m³. Ezi zinzwa zijonga indawo ephezulu, ezantsi, ngaphambili, nangasemva. Olu lwakhiwo luqinisekisa ukufundwa okuzinzileyo kwigumbi lonke. Ukuba umthwalo uyatshintsha, inkqubo ilungisa isantya secompressor. Olu lawulo lugcina ukuguquguquka kobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-1°C.
Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kukhusela iziqhamo emva kokuvuna. Amafama amaninzi apholisa iziqhamo ukusuka kwi-25°C ukuya kwi-5°C kwiiyure ezintathu. Oku kuhla ngokukhawuleza kucothisa ukuphefumla phantse nge-60%. Le nkqubo inciphisa ukonakala kwaye igcina incasa enamandla. Ubushushu obuchanekileyo bukwanciphisa ukulahleka kobunzima ngenxa yokuphuma kwamanzi.
Iiphaneli zeziqhamo ezifakwe i-insulation kwigumbi lokubanda
Iiphaneli zegumbi elibandayoZenza isakhiwo esiphambili. Zilawula ukuhamba kobushushu kwaye zonga amandla. Uninzi lwamagumbi abandayo eziqhamo asebenzisa iiphaneli ze-polyurethane (PU) okanye ze-polyisocyanurate (PIR). Iiphaneli ze-PU zihlala zifikelela kwi-thermal conductivity ye-0.022 W/m·K. Iiphaneli ze-PIR zisebenza ngcono kancinci kwi-0.020 W/m·K. Ubukhulu bephaneli eqhelekileyo buqala kwi-100 mm ukuya kwi-150 mm. Iphaneli ye-PIR ye-150 mm inciphisa ukwanda kobushushu phantse nge-15% xa kuthelekiswa nephaneli ye-PU ye-100 mm.
Iiphaneli zidibana neejoyinti ze-cam-lock. Ezi joyinti zenza imithungo eqinileyo engenazikhewu. Imithungo eqinileyo igcina umoya ofudumeleyo ungaphandle nomoya obandayo ngaphakathi. Oku kuphucula ukonga amandla emini. Abaqhubi abaninzi bakhetha amaphepha entsimbi angama-0.5 mm kumphezulu wephaneli. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zinokusebenzisa amaphepha angama-0.6 mm ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nempembelelo enamandla.
Iiphaneli nazo ziyamelana nokufuma. Isiseko se-PU sifunxa amanzi angaphantsi kwe-2% emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Oku kukhusela ubushushu ngexesha leminyaka yokusetyenziswa. Iiphaneli ezilungileyo zikwamelana neebhaktheriya kunye nokungunda. Umphezulu ogudileyo uvumela ukucocwa ngokukhawuleza ngezixhobo ezilula.
Igumbi elibandayo leziqhamo liquka iiphaneli zesilingi kunye nezantsi. Iphaneli yomgangatho idla ngokusebenzisa umphezulu onganyangekiyo. Ezinye iinkqubo zongeza intsimbi eqinisiweyo phantsi komgangatho kwiipallet ezinzima. Igumbi elincinci lingasebenzisa i-1,000 kg yobunzima bephaneli iyonke. Igumbi eliphakathi lingasebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 kg. Ubushushu obuqinileyo kunciphisa umthwalo wokupholisa kwaye kukhusela iziqhamo ezigciniweyo.
Inkqubo yokupholisa
Iyunithi yokufunxa inika umoya obandayo okhusela isiqhamo. Iquka icompressor, icondenser, ifeni, kunye neendawo zokulawula. Igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo elingama-20 m³ lingasebenzisa icompressor ye-1.5 HP. Igumbi elingama-100 m³ lingasebenzisa icompressor ye-5 HP. Iinkqubo ezininzi zisebenzisa i-R404A okanye i-R448A. Ezi refrigerants zibonelela ngokusebenza okuzinzileyo.
Iyunithi ye-evaporator ihleli ngaphakathi kwigumbi. Isasaza umoya obandayo ngokulinganayo. Amagumbi amakhulu angafaka ii-evaporator ezimbini ukuze umoya uhambe kakuhle. Uninzi lweeyunithi zisebenzisa iifeni ezihambisa umoya nge-1.5 m/s. Oku kukhusela iziqhamo ezithambileyo emoyeni onamandla.
Le yunithi ilawula imijikelo yokunyibilikisa. Umkhenkce uyenzeka kwiikhoyili ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide. Umkhenkce omninzi unciphisa isantya sokuphola phantse ngama-30%. Uninzi lweenkqubo luqala ukunyibilikisa rhoqo emva kweeyure ezintandathu. Lo mjikelo uhlala imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Iifeni ezilungileyo zibuyisela umoya ngokukhawuleza emva komjikelo ngamnye.
Imibhobho yamanzi isusa amanzi kwi-evaporator. Igumbi elibandayo linokukhupha amanzi alitha ezi-2 ngosuku ngamaxesha omileyo. Ixesha lemvula linokukhupha amanzi alitha ezi-6 ngosuku. Ubushushu obuhle obujikeleze umjelo buthintela ukubanda.
Iyunithi yokufunxa ikwalungisa amandla. Iiyunithi ezininzi zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-inverter. Olu phawu lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-18%. Inkqubo iyancipha xa kukho imithwalo elula kwaye ikhawulezisa xa kukho imithwalo enzima. Ukupholisa okucocekileyo kugcina iziqhamo zintsha ixesha elide.
Amagumbi okugcina iziqhamo anika iingenelo ezicacileyo kwiifama, kwiimarike, nakwiindawo zokucubungula. Le nkqubo ilawula ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokuhamba komoya ngokuchanekileyo. Ubushushu obuqinileyo kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kwaye kukhusela iziqhamo ezigciniweyo. Inkqubo yokupholisa ilungisa amandla ukuze ihambelane nemithwalo yemihla ngemihla. Iingcango, izibane, iishelufu, kunye neealamu zixhasa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lunyusa ubutsha beziqhamo phantse ngama-40% xa kuthelekiswa nokugcinwa okuqhelekileyo. Inxalenye nganye idlala indima ekugcineni iziqhamo zizinzile ngexesha elide. Igumbi lokugcina iziqhamo elihle landisa ubomi beshelufu, linciphisa inkunkuma, kwaye linyusa ixabiso lemveliso.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-09-2025