Iziqhamo zibola ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifuna ukulawulwa kobushushu obuchanekileyo ukuze zihlale zintsha kwaye zisemgangathweni ophezulu.amagumbi abandayoinokudala imeko-bume efanelekileyo ecothisa ukuvuthwa kwaye inciphise ukubola. Inceda abalimi, abasasazi, kunye nabathumela kwamanye amazwe ukuba bandise ubomi beziqhamo ezahlukeneyo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesiqhamo lufuna umlinganiselo othile wobushushu kunye nomswakama ukuze kugcinwe ubume kunye nobumnandi. Ingakumbi kwezinye iziqhamo ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana nekiwi kunye necherry, ukugcinwa okubandayo okusemgangathweni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba indawo efanelekileyo yokugcina isiqhamo ingasigcina sitsha ixesha elide. Kwangaxeshanye, inokulawula inqanaba lokuvuthwa kwesiqhamo kunye nokusaccharification, iqinisekise ukuba isiqhamo sifikelela kwincasa efanelekileyo ngexesha lokugcinwa, kwaye inike abathengi amava angcono.
Aigumbi elibandayo elakhiwe kakuhleilinganisela amandla okupholisa, ukujikeleza komoya, kunye nokugcina ubushushu. Uyilo olufanelekileyo luthintela ukulahleka komswakama kunye nokukhula kwesikhunta. Ngomthamo ofanelekileyo wokufriji, iziqhamo zingahlala zilungele imarike kangangeeveki.
Ulawulo lobushushu
Ubushushu buchaphazela ngqo ubutsha kunye nobomi beshelufu beziqhamo. Isiqhamo ngasinye sinobushushu obufanelekileyo bokugcina. Iiapile, iidiliya, kunye neepere zihlala ziphakathi kwe-0°C kunye ne-2°C. Iibhanana, iimango, kunye neepapaya zifuna ubushushu obuphezulu obuphakathi kwe-12°C ukuya kwi-14°C. Iziqhamo zeCitrus ezifana neeorenji kunye neelamuni zikhetha malunga ne-4°C ukuya kwi-8°C.
Ukuba zigcinwe zibanda kakhulu, ezinye iziqhamo ziyabandezeleka ngenxa yokubanda. Iibhanana ziba mnyama, kwaye iimango zivelisa amabala. Ukuba ubushushu bunyuka kakhulu, ukuphefumla kunye nemveliso ye-ethylene iyakhula. Ezi mpendulo zibangela ukuvuthwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokonakala. Igumbi elibandayo leziqhamo kufuneka ligcine ubushushu obuzinzileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ezi ngxaki.
Le nkqubo ifuna abalawuli bedijithali kunye neesensa ukuze kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zibona utshintsho lobushushu ngoko nangoko kwaye zilungise ukusebenza kwecompressor. Ukutshintshatshintsha ngequbuliso kukhokelela ekujiyeni, ukukhula kwefungus, kunye nokulahleka kwencasa. Ukupholisa okuzinzileyo kugcina umxholo womswakama ulungelelene kwaye kuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Ukujikeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwigumbi elibandayo nako kubalulekile. Ukungena komoya ongalunganga kubangela ukupholisa okungalinganiyo. Iifeni kufuneka zisasaze umoya ngokulinganayo kwindawo yokugcina. Ibhokisi nganye yeziqhamo kufuneka ifumane umoya obandayo rhoqo ngaphandle kokuqhuma ngokuthe ngqo okubangela ukuba umphezulu uqine.
Abanye abaqhubi basebenzisa ukwahlulahlula iindawo zokugcina iziqhamo ezininzi. Umzekelo, elinye icandelo ligcina i-1°C yama-apile, ngelixa elinye ligcina i-10°C yama-citrus. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zinceda ukulawula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziqhamo ngokufanelekileyo. Ulawulo oluhle lobushushu luqinisekisa ukuba zintsha ixesha elide, umbala ugcinwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwencasa yendalo.
Khetha Izixhobo Ezifanelekileyo Zokukhenkceza
Amandla ehashe (HP) ezixhobo zokukhenkcisa achaza ukuba igumbi elibandayo linokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ligcine ubushushu. I-HP efanelekileyo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ngaphandle kokuchitha amandla. I-HP enganeleyo ikhokelela ekupholeni okucothayo kunye nobushushu obungalinganiyo. I-HP egqithisileyo inyusa iindleko kwaye inokomisa iziqhamo ezinobuthathaka.
Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ukukhethwa kwe-HP. Ubungakanani begumbi, ubukhulu bokugquma, umthamo wokulayisha, kunye nobushushu ekujoliswe kubo kufuneka kubalwe. Kwigumbi elincinci lokugcina ii-apile ezingama-10 m³, i-compressor ye-2 HP idla ngokufanelekile. Igumbi elibandayo elingama-30 m³ linokufuna malunga ne-5 HP. Kwindawo yokugcina enkulu yorhwebo engaphezulu kwe-100 m³, inkqubo ye-10–15 HP inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo.
Uhlobo lwecompressor lukwachaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle. Ii-scroll compressors zisebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezincinci neziphakathi ngenxa yokusebenza ngokuthula kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi. Ii-semi-hermetic okanye ii-screw compressors zihambelana nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezisebenza rhoqo.
Iimeko zemozulu nazo zibalulekile. Igumbi elibandayo elikwiindawo ezishushu lifuna amandla e-HP angaphezulu ukuze likwazi ukusingatha imithwalo yobushushu yangaphandle. Umthamo owongezelelweyo we-10–15% uqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ehlotyeni. Ii-inverter compressors zinokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isantya ukuze zihambelane nomthwalo, zigcine amandla afikelela kwi-25%.
I-condenser kunye ne-evaporator kufuneka zihambelane ne-compressor output. Ii-coil ezinkulu zinokubangela i-frosting, ngelixa ii-coil ezincinci zinciphisa isiphumo sokupholisa. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo i-refrigerant, efana ne-R404A okanye i-R507, kuqinisekisa ulawulo oluthembekileyo lobushushu.
Umzekelo, igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo elingama-50 m³ elenzelwe ukugcina izinto ezixutyiweyo ukusuka kwi-2°C ukuya kwi-12°C lidla ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-7.5 HP. Lingapholisa umthwalo weziqhamo oziitoni ezi-5 kwimizuzu engama-30–40. Ukulinganisela iimfuno ze-HP, ubushushu, kunye nobushushu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokuba luhlaza ixesha elide kweziqhamo.
Ingqwalasela yoYilo kunye neenkcukacha zoLwakhiwo
Amagumbi abandayo eziqhamo afuna uyilo olucwangcisiweyo ukugcina iziqhamo zintsha kwaye zikhuselekile. Kubalulekile ukuba ne-insulation entle. Iiphaneli zePolyurethane (PU) okanye ze-polyisocyanurate (PIR) zezona zinto zikhethwayo. Ezi paneli zinciphisa ukwanda kobushushu kwaye zigcina amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi ezinzile. Ukugcina iziqhamo, iipaneli ezinobukhulu obuyi-100 mm ukuya kwi-150 mm zisebenza kakuhle.
Iingcango mazivalwe ngokuqinileyo ukuze zingangeni umoya ofudumeleyo. Iingcango ezityibilikayo okanye ezijijekayo ezinee-gaskets zemagnethi zinceda ukugcina ubushushu. Ukufaka amakhethini e-PVC kongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuseleko. Umgangatho kufuneka umelane nokufuma kwaye uxhase iikreyithi zeziqhamo ezinzima. Iingubo ezingatyibilikiyo nezihlanjwayo ziphucula ucoceko kunye nokhuseleko.
Ulawulo lomswakama yenye into ebalulekileyo. Uninzi lweziqhamo lufuna umswakama ophakathi kwama-85% nama-95%. Izixhobo zokufumisa ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokunyibilikisa umkhenkce zithintela ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokushwabana. Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya eyilwe kakuhle inceda ukususa i-carbon dioxide engaphezulu kunye negesi ye-ethylene. Ezi gesi zikhawulezisa ukuvuthwa ukuba azilawulwa.
Izibane kufuneka zivelise ubushushu obuncinci. Izibane ze-LED zigcina amandla kwaye zikhusele iziqhamo kuxinzelelo lobushushu. Imiphezulu yangaphakathi kufuneka ibe bushelelezi kwaye kube lula ukuyicoca ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqokelelana kweebhaktheriya. Iishelufu zentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye iipalethi zeplastiki ziphucula ukuhamba komoya kunye nococeko.
Inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ibonise ubushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha langempela. Abalawuli abakrelekrele bavumela ukujonga kude ngeefowuni okanye iikhompyutha. Oku kunceda abaqhubi baphendule ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lwenkqubo.
Ngaphambi kokwakha, iinjineli zibala umthwalo wobushushu opheleleyo kwiindonga, iingcango, izibane, kunye neziqhamo. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lomthwalo luqinisekisa ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-HP kunye nezixhobo zefriji. Igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo eliyilwe kakuhle linciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ligcina inkangeleko, kwaye landisa ubomi beshelufu yeziqhamo kakhulu.
Amagumbi okugcina iziqhamo ezibandayo abalulekile ekugcineni incasa, ubume, kunye nesondlo emva kokuvuna. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu, amandla aneleyo okukhenkcisa, kunye noyilo olucokisekileyo kuzenza zisebenze kakuhle kwaye zithembeke. Njengoko urhwebo lweziqhamo lwehlabathi lusanda, indawo yokugcina iziqhamo ecwangcisiweyo kakuhle iba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-03-2025