Indlu yokugcina izityalo zekhukhamba idala indawo yokukhula ezinzileyo enobushushu obulawulwayo kunye nokukhanya. Iifama ezininzi zisebenzisa le nkqubo kuba iikhukhamba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifuna ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo. Indlu yokugcina izityalo iphucula isivuno kwaye inciphisa imida yexesha lonyaka. Ifama eqhelekileyo yonyusa imveliso yonyaka ngama-20% ngesakhiwo esakhiwe kakuhle.
Ulwakhiwo
Isakhiwo sentsimbilukhetho olufanelekileyo lokwakha iigreenhouse.indlu eluhlaza yesakhiwo sentsimbiisebenzisa izakhelo eziqinileyo, ii-arches zophahla, iindonga ezisecaleni, kunye neenkqubo zokugquma. Isakhiwo senza iqokobhe elikhuselayo elixhasa ukukhula okunempilo kwekhukhamba. Uninzi lweendawo zokugcina izityalo zifikelela kwi-6m ukuya kwi-10 m ubude. Iifama ezininzi zisebenzisa ububanzi obuqala kwi-8 m ukuya kwi-12 m. Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zisebenzisa ububanzi obufikelela kwi-20 m ukuze kuphume imveliso ephezulu. Umgama phakathi kwesakhelo uhlala phakathi kwe-1.2 m kunye ne-2.0 m.
Uphahla lusebenzisa ii-arches ezigobileyo ezikhokela amanzi emvula ngokukhuselekileyo. Olu hlobo luthintela iingxaki zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kwaye lunciphisa umngcipheko womthwalo wekhephu. Ithambeka eliqhelekileyo lophahla liqala kwi-18° ukuya kwi-25°. Iindonga ezisecaleni zisebenzisa iintsika zentsimbi ezibamba imithwalo yomoya. Indlu yokugquma eqhelekileyo imelana nesantya somoya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80 km/h. Ezinye iidizayini ezinzima zifikelela kwi-100 km/h.
Esi sakhiwo sixhasa umoya wendalo oneendawo zokungenisa umoya ecaleni kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya eluphahleni. Iifama zihlala zifaka iindawo zokungenisa umoya ezimbini eluphahleni ezinobubanzi obuyi-1.5 m. Iindawo zokungenisa umoya ecaleni zihlala zifikelela kubude obuyi-40 m kwiiyunithi ezinkulu. Ezi ndawo zokungenisa umoya zigcina umswakama uzinzile kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wezifo.
Indlu eluhlaza iqulethe iinkqubo zokuxhasa zangaphakathi ezifana neengcingo zokuxhoma zemidiliya yekhukhamba. Umgama ngamnye wengcingo uhlala malunga ne-0.4 m ukuya kwi-0.5 m. Iindlela zangaphakathi zivumela abasebenzi ukuba balawule izityalo ngokulula. Uyilo oluhle lunciphisa ixesha lomsebenzi nge-15%.
Iinkqubo zokukhanyisa zihambelana neengcango zophahla. Imicu ye-LED yonga amandla angama-35% xa ithelekiswa nezibane ezindala. Imijelo yamanzi ihamba kumacala omabini ukuze kunkcenkceshelwe. Uyilo oluhle lugcina ukusasazwa kwamanzi nakwimiqolo yonke yezityalo.
Izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo
Indlu eluhlaza yesakhiwo sentsimbi isebenzisa izinto ezixhasa amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuzinza ixesha elide. Iifreyimu eziphambili zisebenzisa intsimbi eshushu ediphiweyo. Iifreyimu ezininzi zisebenzisa iityhubhu ezijikelezileyo okanye zesikwere ezingama-60 mm ukuya kwi-100 mm. Ukwaleka kwe-zinc kudla ngokufikelela kwi-80 g ukuya kwi-120 g ngemitha yesikwere. Olu kwaleka lwandisa ubomi benkonzo ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Ii-crossbars kunye nee-braces zangaphakathi zisebenzisa iityhubhu ezingama-25 mm ukuya kuma-40 mm. Ezi tyhubhu zinciphisa ubunzima kodwa zigcina amandla amahle. Iifama ezininzi zikhetha ubukhulu bodonga obuphakathi kwe-0.8 mm ukuya kwi-1.2 mm ukuze zixhase ngamandla. Ii-braces zithintela ukushukuma ngexesha leenkqwithela.
Izinto zokugquma zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Iindawo ezininzi zokugcina izityalo zisebenzisa ifilimu ye-polyethylene eyi-150-micron. Le filimu idlulisela ukukhanya okumalunga ne-85%. Ezinye iifama zisebenzisa iifilimu ze-180-micron ukuphucula ukuqina. Ezinye zikhetha amaphepha e-polycarbonate anobukhulu obuyi-6mm okanye i-8mm. La maphepha ayamelana nesichotho kwaye anciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu ngama-25%.
Isiseko somhlaba sifuna ukuqiniswa okuqinileyo. Iifama ezininzi zisebenzisa iziseko zekhonkrithi ezinobunzulu obuyi-400 mm ukuya kwi-700 mm kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba. Iibholithi ze-anchor zihlala zilinganisa ubungakanani be-M10 okanye i-M12. Ukuqiniswa okuhle kugcina izakhelo zizinzile phantsi komoya onamandla.
Izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ziquka i-mesh, ii-roller, kunye neenkqubo ze-crank. Izikrini ze-mesh zisebenzisa i-40-mesh okanye i-50-mesh ukugcina izinambuzane kude. Ii-roller zivula iifilimu kakuhle kwaye zinciphisa umsebenzi wezandla.
Izinto zangaphakathi ziquka iintambo zentsimbi, imibhobho yeplastiki, imigca yokuthontsiza, kunye neminethi yomthunzi. Imigca yokuthontsiza isebenzisa amazinga okuhamba amalunga ne-2 L ngeyure. Inethi zomthunzi zihlala zivimba ukukhanya okuphakathi kwama-30% ukuya kuma-50% kuxhomekeke kwimozulu. Iintambo zokuxhasa zibamba imidiliya yekhukhamba enokufikelela kwi-2 m ukukhula kwinyanga enye.
Iingenelo
Indlu yokugquma iikhakhamba eyakhiwe ngesinyithi inika ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nemveliso ephezulu. Iifama ezininzi zibika ukunyuka kwesivuno se-25% ukuya kwi-40% ngenxa yeemeko ezilawulwayo. Iikhakhamba zikhula ngokukhawuleza kuba indlu yokugquma igcina imozulu efudumeleyo. Ubushushu buhlala malunga ne-20°C ukuya kwi-26°C emini kunye ne-16°C ukuya kwi-18°C ebusuku. Olu luhlu luzinzileyo lukhusela iintyatyambo neziqhamo.
Iifreyimu zentsimbi zibonelela ngobomi obude. Intsimbi egqunywe nge-hot-dip iyamelana nomhlwa iminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Ezinye iingubo ezijiyileyo zifikelela kwiminyaka engama-25. Olu qina lunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%. Isakhiwo sikwaphatha umoya onamandla kunye nemvula enkulu, ekhusela izityalo ngexesha leemvula.
Indlu eluhlaza iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi. Ukunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi konga amanzi angama-40% xa kuthelekiswa nokunkcenkceshela ngaphezulu. Ukufuma kuhlala kulinganisiwe, nto leyo enciphisa ukusasazeka kwezifo. Iifama ezininzi zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali zinambuzane ngama-20% kuba ukufuma kuhlala kuzinzile.
Indlu eluhlaza yecucumber eyakhiwe ngentsimbi ivumela ukuchumisa ngokuchanekileyo. Iinkqubo zezichumiso ezingamanzi ziphucula ukufunxwa kwezondlo nge-15%. Oku kuchanekileyo kwandisa ubungakanani beziqhamo kwaye kunciphisa inkunkuma. Le nkqubo ikwaxhasa imveliso yonyaka wonke. Iifama zingavuna iicucumber iinyanga ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12 kuxhomekeke kwimozulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngendlela efanelekileyo kuyanda ngezixhobo zanamhlanje. Iiphepha zePolycarbonate zinciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu ngama-20% ukuya kuma-25%. Izibane ze-LED zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-35% ukuya kuma-50% xa kuthelekiswa neebhalbhu ezindala. Abalawuli bobushushu banciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweheater nge-10% ukuya kuma-15%.
Ulawulo lwabasebenzi luyaphucuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esicocekileyo. Abasebenzi bahamba ngokulula kwimigca ehleliweyo. Iifama ezininzi zinciphisa iiyure zomsebenzi nge-10% kuba izixhobo kunye neendlela zihlala zicacile. Ukuhamba komoya okusemgangathweni ophezulu kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungunda, nto leyo egcina iziqhamo zicocekile.
Amanqaku aPhambili oYilo
Amaqela oyilo afunda imozulu, umhlaba, umthwalo womoya, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphambi kokuba acwangcise igreenhouse. Akhetha ubude kunye nobubanzi ngokusekwe kummandla. Iindawo ezishushu zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezinde ezinobude obuyi-6 m ukuya kwi-7 m ukuphucula ukuhamba komoya. Iindawo ezibandayo zisebenzisa uphahla olusezantsi ukunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu. Iindawo ezinomoya zifuna iintsika eziqinileyo ezineetyhubhu zentsimbi ezityebileyo.
Abayili bakhetha izinto zokugquma ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zokukhanya. Iikhukhamba zifuna ukukhanya okuqinileyo, ngoko ke i-85% yokuhambisa ukukhanya isebenza kakuhle. Amanye amafama ongeza iifilimu zokusasazwa kokukhanya eziphucula ukusasazeka kokukhanya ngama-20%. Oku kukhanya kulinganayo kunciphisa ukutsha kwamagqabi.
Uyilo lomoya ongenisayo lubalulekile kwimpilo yekhukhamba. Ii-ventilation zophahla zihlala zifikelela kwi-8% ukuya kwi-12% yendawo yonke yophahla. Ii-ventilation ezisecaleni zinwebeka kwi-70% yobude bodonga. Olu lwakhiwo luxhasa ukuhamba komoya okuzinzileyo kwaye lususa umoya omanzi. Umoya ongenisayo olungileyo unciphisa umngcipheko wesifo nge-30%.
Uyilo lokunkcenkceshela luquka iitanki zamanzi, izihluzi, kunye nemigca yokuthontsiza. Indlu eluhlaza eyi-1000 m² ingasebenzisa imigca yokuthontsiza engama-60 ukuya kuma-80. Umgca ngamnye uxhasa izityalo ezininzi. Iinkqubo ezininzi ziquka izijovi zokufaka isichumiso ukuphucula ulawulo lwezondlo.
Inkqubo yokuxhasa ibamba imidiliya yekhukhamba. Abayili babeka iingcingo zokuxhasa rhoqo emva kwe-0.5 m. Ingcingo nganye ixhasa ubunzima bezityalo obufikelela kwi-15 kg. Abasebenzi babopha iziqhoboshi zemidiliya kwiingcingo, nto leyo egcina iziqhamo zicocekile kwaye zithe tye.
Uyilo lokufudumeza lubalulekile kwiindawo ezibandayo. Imibhobho yamanzi ashushu okanye izifudumezi zombane zigcina ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-15°C ebusuku. Ezinye iinkqubo zisebenzisa i-30 W ukuya kwi-50 W ngemitha yesikwere. Uyilo lomthunzi lubalulekile kwiindawo ezishushu. Iinethi zomthunzi zinciphisa umthwalo welanga nge-30% ukuya kwi-50%.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2025