Ishedi yamalahle ifuna inkxaso eqinileyo kunye nokhuseleko oluzinzileyo. Iindawo ezininzi zijongene nomoya, imvula, uthuli, kunye nemithwalo emikhulu yokugcina izinto. Isakhiwo sentsimbi sinika isisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo. Siphatha ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nobubanzi obubanzi. Sikwaxhasa ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo ixesha elide.
Kutheni Ulwakhiwo Lwentsimbi
Ishedi yamalahle igcina izinto ezinkulu ezinobunzima obukhulu. Iishedi zamalahle zifuna indawo eninzi ukuze zikwazi ukuthwala oomatshini abakhulu bemigodi okanye iilori. Isakhiwo kufuneka sigcine izixhobo ezinkulu zisebenza. Intsimbi inika amandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuqikelelweyo. Umqadi wentsimbi oqhelekileyo we-Q355 unika amandla okuvelisa aqinileyo. Ixhasa ububanzi beemitha ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-80. Olu bubanzi budala indawo ecacileyo yee-loaders kunye neebhanti.
Isakhiwo sentsimbiikwaphatha kakuhle imithwalo eguquguqukayo. Oomatshini bayashukuma kwaye bayangcangcazela. Abasebenzi baqhuba iilori kwaye batshintshe amalahle. Ezi zenzo zidala amandla okuchaphazela.Izakhelo zentsimbiZimelana nale mikhosi ngolawulo oluzinzileyo lokujika. Iinjineli zigcina ukujika kungaphantsi kwe-L/250 ukukhusela iiphaneli zophahla.
Intsimbi ixhasa utshintsho oluguquguqukayo kuyilo. Indawo inokwandisa indawo yokugcina nge-30% kwiminyaka emithathu. Iinkqubo zentsimbi zivumela ukwanda kwebholti. Amaqela ongeza iifreyimu ezintsha okanye andise ii-conveyor ezinezihlanganisi ezilula. Oku kuguquguquka kuxhasa izicwangciso zokwemba zexesha elide.
Iingenelo
Iishedi zamalahle zemveli zisebenzisa izitena kunye nesamente. Ezi zinto zenza iindonga ezixineneyo kunye nophahla olunzima. Ishedi yesamente ifuna ixesha elide lokunyanga. Islab nganye ifuna ubuncinci iintsuku ezili-14 zokunyanga. Ishedi yentsimbi isika ngokukhawuleza ngeli xesha. Iqela ligqiba ishedi engama-50-meter span kwiintsuku ezingama-45. Inkqubo yesamente ingathatha iintsuku ezingama-80.
Intsimbi ikwanciphisa iindleko zesiseko. Isakhelo sentsimbi sinobunzima obungaphantsi kwesakhelo sekhonkrithi. Sinciphisa umthwalo ofileyo ngama-40% ukuya kuma-60%. Isakhelo esikhaphukhaphu sifuna iziseko ezincinci. Oku kusindisa malunga ne-15% yeendleko zesiseko kwishedi engama-2,000-m².
Umoya ongenisayo uphucuka ngentsimbi. Iishedi zentsimbi zixhasa ii-ventilation zophahla kunye neepaneli ze-louver ezisecaleni. Iinjineli zongeza ii-ventilation rhoqo emva kweemitha ezili-10. Oku kunciphisa ukufuma kwaye kukhusela umgangatho wamalahle. Iishedi zekhonkrithi zineendlela ezimbalwa zokungenisa umoya ngenxa yophahla olunzima.
Ukugcinwa kwezakhiwo kuhlala kulula. Izakhiwo zentsimbi zisebenzisa izinto zokugquma ezingangeni mhlwa. Ishedi ene-coating ye-120-micron ifuna ukuphinda ipeyintwe kaninzi rhoqo emva kweminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-10. Iishedi zekhonkrithi ziyaqhekeka phantsi koxinzelelo lobushushu kwaye zifuna ukupeyintwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Intsimbi iyawunciphisa lo mjikelo mde wokulungiswa.
Amanqaku aPhambili oYilo
Uyilo oluhle luyandisa ubomi benkonzo yeshedi. Abayili baqala bajonge umthwalo womoya, umthwalo wekhephu, kunye nomgangatho wenyikima. Imithwalo yomoya inokufikelela kwi-0.5 kN/m² kwiindawo zemigodi ezivulekileyo. Iinjineli zikhetha amalungu esakhelo ngokusekelwe kweli xabiso. Iithambeka zophahla zihlala phakathi kwe-10° kunye ne-15°. Le thambeka ixhasa ukuhamba kwemvula kwaye inciphisa ukwakheka kwekhephu.
Uyilo lokhuseleko lomlilo nalo lubalulekile. Amalahle angafudumala kwindawo yokugcina. Ishedi enomoya ongcolileyo ibeka emngciphekweni ukuqokelelana kobushushu. Iinjineli zibala ukuhamba komoya rhoqo emva kweemitha ezili-15 ubude. Zongeza ii-ridge vents okanye iifeni zoomatshini ukuba ukuhamba komoya kuhlala kuphantsi. Inkqubo yefeni enomthamo wama-20,000 m³/h ixhasa umoya ozinzileyo.
Ulawulo lokugqwala luchaphazela ubomi obude. Uthuli lwamalahle lunesalfure. Intsimbi inokugqwala ngokukhawuleza kule ndawo. Abayili bakhetha iingubo ezilinganiswe ngaphezulu kwe-C3 okanye i-C4. Iingqimba ze-zinc ezingama-80 ukuya kwi-120 microns zihlala zisebenza kakuhle. Kwimigodi eselunxwemeni, abayili bakhetha amanqaku aphezulu.
Abayili bakwaceba ukuphakama okucacileyo. Isixhobo sokulayisha sinokufuna iimitha ezi-4.5 zokuphuma. Iibhanti zokuthutha zinokufuna iimitha ezi-6. Iishedi ezininzi zisebenzisa ukuphakama okucacileyo kweemitha ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Olu kuphakama luxhasa ukuhamba kwelori kunye nezixhobo zokulawula uthuli. La maxabiso agcina indawo isebenza kakuhle kwaye ikhuselekile.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ulwakhiwo
Amaqela okwakha kufuneka alandele imithetho eliqela. Ajonga ilungu ngalinye lentsimbi ngaphambi kokuba aliphakamise. Umqadi oqhelekileyo unobunzima obuyi-300 ukuya kwi-700 kg. Abasebenzi baqinisekisa iindawo zemingxuma yebholiti kunye nobukhulu bokugquma komphezulu. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo luyi-80 ukuya kwi-120 microns. Ukuba ugquma luwela ngaphantsi kolu luhlu, bayalugquma kwakhona ilungu.
Amaqela akwajonga ukulungelelana ngexesha lokufakelwa. Agcina ukuphambuka kwekholamu kungaphantsi kwe-5 mm. Akwalungisa ii-roof trusses ngaphambi kokuba aqinise ii-bolts. Ububanzi be-truss obuziimitha ezingama-30 kufuneka bugcine i-camber ilingana. I-camber engalinganiyo ichaphazela iipaneli zophahla kunye nokufakwa kwe-vent.
Iiphaneli zophahla zifuna ukutywinwa ngononophelo. Iishedi zamalahle zibangela uthuli kunye nokufuma. Iphaneli yesinyithi yentsimbi eyi-0.5-mm ene-EPS okanye i-rock wool insulation isebenza kakuhle. Amaqela atywina iijoyinti ngeteyipu ye-butyl. Abeka umgca weteyipu omnye kwijoyinti nganye yephaneli. Oku kunciphisa ukuvuza kwaye kugcina amalahle omile.
Izixhobo zokulawula uthuli zifuna iifreyimu zokuxhasa. Abafaki bongeza izibiyeli rhoqo emva kweemitha ezi-3 ukuze babambe imibhobho kunye neenzwa. Bakwavavanya nezixhobo zokubona umlilo. Ishedi idla ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokubona ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-25 kuxhomekeke kubukhulu. Amaqela akwabeka imijelo yokukhupha amanzi ejikeleze ishedi. Uthuli lwamalahle luxubana namanzi emvula. Ukukhupha amanzi kakuhle kukhusela iziseko.
Iimfuno eziphezulu zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
Okwangoku, isakhiwo sesakhelo sentsimbi esisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiishedi zamalahle sineemfuno eziphezulu zemveliso kunye nokufakelwa kwezinto.
Unyango lwezinto zesinyithi kunye nokulwa nomhlwa kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo. Oku kumisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla olwakhiwo kunye nobomi benkonzo yesakhiwo. Ukongeza, ubude, ubukhulu, kunye nendawo yemingxuma yebholithi yezixhobo kufuneka zibhekisele kwimizobo yoyilo.
Iimpazamo kubude bezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nemingxunya yokufaka izinto ziya kubangela ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswayo zingafakwa kakuhle. Ukulungisa ezi mpazamo akuyi kuchitha ixesha elininzi ngexesha lokwakha, kodwa kusenokubeka neengozi ezifihlakeleyo kukhuseleko lwesakhiwo.
Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinto zokwakha zentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nabavelisi abanamandla. Umzekelo, iHarbin Dongan Building Sheets Company, eyenze inani elikhulu leeprojekthi zokwakha zentsimbi, ineqela elinamandla labayili. Ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka emininzi yamava, banokuyila isakhiwo ngendlela ejolise kubo ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Oku kunokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi ezingeyomfuneko kubathengi.
Ukongeza, iDongan Company inomthamo omkhulu wemveliso. Lo mzi-mveliso unezixhobo eziphambili ezifana noomatshini bokusika nge-laser kunye needrill ze-3D CNC, ezinokunciphisa iimpazamo zokucubungula imveliso kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zinokufakwa kakuhle.
Ishedi yamalahle yesakhiwo sentsimbi inika inkxaso enamandla kunye nokufakelwa ngokukhawuleza. Inciphisa iindleko kwaye iphucula ukuhamba komoya. Ingena kwiindawo ezintsha zemigodi kunye nokuhlaziywa kwendawo endala. Amaqela anandipha iindlela zokwandisa eziguquguqukayo ngeefreyimu zentsimbi.
Ngoyilo oluhle nolwakhiwo olucokisekileyo, ishedi yamalahle yentsimbi isebenza kakuhle iminyaka emininzi. Ikhusela umgangatho wamalahle, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-04-2025