Xa kuthelekiswa namagumbi okusela aqhelekileyo, amagumbi okusela asebenzisa iikhemikhali kufuneka ahlangabezane neemfuno zobugcisa nezokhuseleko ezintsonkothileyo. Ukongeza ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo kokusela, kufuneka ajongane nokuthintela ukuqhuma, ukumelana nokugqwala, ulawulo lokuvuza, kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo. Njengoko amashishini adibeneyo eqhubeka ekhula, amagumbi okusela asebenzisa iikhemikhali abe ziziseko ezibalulekileyo zeekhemikhali ezintle, izixhobo zamandla amatsha, kunye nemveliso ephakathi yamayeza.
Uyilo lweNdawo eNcinci kwiiGumbi ezibandayo zeKhemikhali
Amagumbi abandayo ekhemikhali afuna ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo lweendawo ngenxa yokwahluka kwezinto ezigciniweyo. Iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zifuna amazinga obushushu ahlukeneyo, iimeko zokugcina, kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nezi mfuno, amagumbi amakhulu abandayo ekhemikhali adla ngokuquka ubuncinane iindawo ezimbini zobushushu ezizimeleyo.
Izinto eziluhlaza ezingaguqukiyo ezifana neeresini, iipellet zeplastiki, kunye neeemulsion zihlala zizinzile kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Ezi zinto zihlala zigcinwa kwiindawo ezigcinwe phakathi kwe-0°C kunye ne-15°C. Olu luhlu lobushushu lugcina iipropati zezinto ngelixa lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Indawo yesibini yobushushu isebenza phakathi kwe-18°C kunye ne-0°C. Le ndawo igcina ikakhulu izinyibilikisi ezinokutsha ezineendawo zokukhanya ezingaphantsi kwama-60°C, kunye neeperoxides zendalo. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu lunciphisa uxinzelelo lomphunga kwaye lunciphisa iingozi zokutsha. Ukwahlulwa ngononophelo kwezinye iindawo kuphucula ukhuseleko.
Izinto ezixabisa kakhulu ezifana nee-electrolytes, iityuwa ze-lithium, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zamayeza zihlala zifuna indawo ebandayo enzulu. Ezi mveliso zigcinwa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi ukusuka kwi--30°C ukuya kwi--18°C. Amaqondo obushushu aphantsi azinzileyo athintela ukubola kweekhemikhali kwaye andise ixesha lokugcinwa kwazo. Ezi ndawo zihlala ziquka iinkqubo zokubeka esweni eziphuculweyo ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leempahla ezigciniweyo.
Iimfuneko Zokusebenza Ngokuqinileyo Kwifriji
Amagumbi abandayo eekhemikhali afuna kakhulu uzinzo lwenkqubo yokukhenkcisa. Iimveliso ezifana nee-biological agents kunye ne-pharmaceutical intermediates zinyamezela ukuguquguquka kobushushu okuncinci kakhulu. Nokuba ukuphambuka okuncinci kunokubangela ilahleko yomgangatho engenakuguqulwa.
Ukujongana nale ngxaki, amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa iikhemikhali adla ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokukhenkceza ezineesekethe ezimbini. Isekethe nganye isebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwaye inika ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi nkqubo zigcina ukuguquguquka kobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5°C phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Nokuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kombane okungalindelekanga, inkqubo inokulawula ukutshintsha kobushushu ngaphakathi kwe-2°C ubuncinane iiyure ezimbini. Olu buchule lubonelela ngexesha elibalulekileyo lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lukhusela izinto ezibuthathaka ekuwohlokeni ngokukhawuleza.
Imigangatho yoKhuseleko ephuculweyo yoKhuseleko lokuqhuma kwegumbi elibandayo lekhemikhali
Izinto eziqwalaselweyo ngokhuseleko zidlala indima ephambili kuyilo lwegumbi lokubanda ngeekhemikhali. Amagumbi okubanda ngeekhemikhali angaqhumiyo afuna ukukhethwa okungqongqo kwezinto kunye nezisombululo zesakhiwo. Iinkqubo zodonga zihlala zisebenzisa iiphaneli zesandwich ze-polyurethane ezinobukhulu obuncinci be-120 mm. Ezi paneli zifikelela kumlinganiselo we-B1 womlilo kwaye zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko efunekayo.
Iiphaneli zikwabonelela ngobushushu obuqinileyo. Ukuqhuba kwazo ubushushu akudluli kwi-0.18 W/(m²·K). Olu dibaniso lobushushu kunye nokumelana nomlilo luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kokhuseleko.
Izakhiwo zophahla zihlala zisebenzisa iiphaneli zentsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu nezinombala oqinileyo. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ezi phahla zibonelela ngendawo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuqhuma engaphezulu kwe-0.05 m² nge-cubic meter. Ukuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kuvumela uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukuba luphume ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ethintela umonakalo wesakhiwo kwaye inciphise iingozi zesibini.
Ukhuseleko loMbane kunye namanyathelo okulwa nokuNgaguquguquki
Amagumbi abandayo anekhemikhali axhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zombane ezingaqhumiyo. Izixhobo zokukhanyisa, iifeni zomoya, kunye neebhokisi zokuxhuma zonke kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zesatifikethi se-ATEX. Ezi zinto zinciphisa umngcipheko wokutsha kwiindawo ezishushu.
Abayili bahambisa iintambo zombane kwiipayipi zentsimbi ezifihliweyo ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kombane ongashukumiyo. Ukumelana nokumisa umhlaba kuhlala kungaphantsi kwe-4 Ω. Ukumisa umhlaba ngempumelelo kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kombane ongashukumiyo ngexesha lokusebenza.
Iinkqubo zoMgangatho eziKhethekileyo kunye noKuchasana nokuGqwala
Inkqubo yomgangatho wegumbi elibandayo leekhemikhali ikwafuna ubunjineli obukhethekileyo. Umgangatho kufuneka umelane nokugqwala, uthintele ukutyibilika, kwaye uvale ukuvuza kolwelo. Abafaki badla ngokufaka umaleko weplastiki oqinisiweyo we-vinyl ester fiberglass enobukhulu obuyi-4 mm ubuncinane.
Le nkqubo yomgangatho ifikelela kumlinganiselo wokumelana nomphezulu ophakathi kwe-10⁶ kunye ne-10⁹ Ω. Isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi--30°C. Kwangaxeshanye, iyamelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkali okuxhaphakileyo kwiindawo zeekhemikhali. Ezi mpawu zixhasa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ixesha elide.
Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuFrijisa, ukuVuthela umoya, kunye nokuNyangwa kweGesi
Ukuze kukhuseleke kwaye kuthembeke, amagumbi okupholisa amakhemikhali adla ngokusebenza ngeenkqubo ezimbini zokukhenkcisa ezizimeleyo. Xa enye inkqubo idibana nempazamo, eyesibini iyaqhubeka nokusebenza. Iinjineli zikhetha ii-evaporators ezingamelani nokugqwala ezineetyhubhu zobhedu kunye neephiko ze-aluminium. Iifriji zihlala ziquka iindlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-R507A okanye i-R449A.
Umoya ongenisayo nawo udlala indima ebalulekileyo. Amagumbi abandayo anekhemikhali atshintsha umoya ubuncinane kathandathu ngeyure. Abayili babeka iindawo zokukhupha umoya ubuncinane kwi-1.5 yeemitha ukusuka eluphahleni. Izakhiwo zifaka iifeni ezithintela ukuqhuma kunye nezixhobo zokubona uxinano lwegesi kuyo yonke indawo.
Xa uxinzelelo lwegesi olunokutsha lufikelela kwi-20% yomda ophantsi wokuqhuma, iinkqubo zomoya ziqala ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwi-40% ye-LEL, iiyunithi zokukhenkcisa ziyavalwa kwaye ii-alamu ziyasebenza. La manyathelo anciphisa kakhulu iingozi zokuqhuma.
Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zokukhenkcisa ezisebenzisa ii-electrolytes zinokukhupha iigesi ze-HF okanye ze-HCl, amagumbi abandayo eekhemikhali aquka neenqaba zokuhlafuna. Iinkqubo zokufunxa i-alkaline zinyanga iigesi zokukhupha umoya. Ukukhupha umoya kuphuma kuphela emva kokuba kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yesizwe neyengingqi.
Iindleko zokwakha kunye neendleko zokusebenza
Iimfuno zobugcisa eziphambili zamagumbi abandayo angenwa zikhemikhali ziyandisa kakhulu iindleko zokwakha. Uphando lwemizi-mveliso lubonisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwiindonga ezingenwa ziqhuma, iinkqubo zombane eziqinisekisiweyo, uphahla olunceda uxinzelelo, izixhobo zokubona igesi, kunye nezixhobo zombane ezimbini zinyusa iindleko zizonke ubuncinane ngama-35% xa kuthelekiswa namagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo.
Iindleko zokusebenza nazo ziyanda ngenxa yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokubeka esweni kunye nolawulo lwedatha. Izakhiwo zifaka izinzwa zobushushu kunye nokufuma kuxinano olungaphantsi kweyunithi enye kwi-50 m². Iinkqubo zokubeka esweni zilayisha idatha kwiiseva zelifu ngexesha langempela kwaye zigcina iirekhodi kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.
Xa iiparameter eziphambili zidlula imida, inkqubo ikhupha ii-alamu kwimizuzu emibini kwaye isebenze iinkqubo zokutshiza. Amashishini kufuneka enze ulondolozo rhoqo kwaye angenise iirekhodi zokusebenza kwiigunya ezilawulayo. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza rhoqo phantsi kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide ekugcinweni nasekuvelisweni kweekhemikhali.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-06-2026