Ungayenza njani igumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo?

Intyatyamboigumbi elibandayoinika abatyali beentyatyambo kunye nabathengisi indlela ethembekileyo yokugcina iintyatyambo ixesha elide ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubuhle okanye ivumba elimnandi. Yahlukile kweqhelekileyoamagumbi abandayoisetyenziselwa ukutya okanye amayeza. Ubungakanani bobushushu, inqanaba lokufuma, kunye nokujikeleza komoya kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeentyatyambo ezahlukeneyo.

Umehluko

Amagumbi aqhelekileyo okubanda agxila kakhulu kulawulo lobushushu. Agcina iimveliso ezifana nenyama, iziqhamo, okanye ubisi zikwinqanaba elithile ukuze kucothiswe ukukhula okanye ukubola kweebhaktheriya. Umzekelo, igumbi lokubanda leziqhamo lidla ngokusebenza kwi-0–10°C kunye nokufuma kwe-85%. Umoya ohamba ngaphakathi uhamba ngokukhawuleza ukugcina iimveliso zibanda ngokulinganayo.

Nangona kunjalo, amagumbi abandayo eentyatyambo afuna iimeko ezithambileyo. Iintyatyambo zizinto eziphilayo eziphefumlayo nezikhupha umswakama. Ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu okanye umoya unamandla kakhulu, amagqabi ayabuna okanye ome. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo buhlala buyi-2–8°C, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentyatyambo. Ii-Tulips zifuna malunga ne-2°C, ngelixa iintyatyambo zasezitropiki zikhetha malunga ne-10°C. Umswakama kufuneka uhlale phakathi kwe-85% kunye ne-95% ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Omnye umahluko omkhulu sisantya sokuhamba komoya. Igumbi elibandayo eliqhelekileyo linokusebenzisa isantya somoya esingaphezulu kwe-1.0 m/s, kodwa igumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo lidla ngokugcina i-0.3–0.5 m/s. Ukuhamba komoya okucothayo kuthintela ukubanda ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokulahleka kokufuma.

Ukukhanya kukwahlukile ekugcinweni kweentyatyambo. Amagumbi aqhelekileyo abandayo ahlala emnyama, ngelixa amagumbi abandayo eentyatyambo esebenzisa izibane ze-LED ezithambileyo ukuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bahlele kwaye babonise iintyatyambo ngaphandle kobushushu.

Okokugqibela, inkqubo yokupholisa kumagumbi abandayo eentyatyambo idla ngokuquka ii-microclimate sensors. Ezi sensors zilinganisela ubushushu kunye nokufuma ngexesha langempela. Kwimeko yomnye umlimi weentyatyambo eSingapore, ukufaka inkqubo enjalo kwandisa ubomi beentyatyambo ezisikiweyo ngama-30%, kunciphisa inkunkuma yemihla ngemihla ukusuka kwi-8% ukuya kwi-5%.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Igumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo kufuneka lidibanise ukuchaneka, uzinzo, kunye nokhuseleko. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka ukuchaneka kobushushu, ulawulo lokufuma, umoya ongenisayo, kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu. Iintyatyambo zinovelwano xa zitshintsha. Ukuguquguquka kwe-2°C kunokunciphisa ubomi bazo. Abalawuli bobushushu bedijithali banceda ukugcina iimeko ezizinzileyo. Uninzi lusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwiinguqu ezincinci.

Ukugcinwa komswakama ophezulu. Iintyatyambo zilahlekelwa ngumswakama ngokukhawuleza emoyeni owomileyo. Izinto zokufumisa okanye izinto zokufumisa zigcina umswakama usondele kwi-90%. Umzekelo, ii-orchid zihlala zintsha ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-21 kwi-10°C kunye nomswakama oyi-92%.

Umoya othambileyo ujikeleza. Umoya kufuneka uhambe ngokulinganayo kodwa ngobunono. Iifeni kufuneka zibe nesantya esiphantsi kunye nengxolo ephantsi ukuze zingalimazi iipetali ezithambileyo. Amanye amagumbi abandayo asebenzisa izixhobo zokuthintela umoya ukusasaza umoya opholileyo ngaphandle kokuvuthela ngqo.

Indawo ecocekileyo nengenavumba. Iintyatyambo ziyayifunxa ivumba lula. Ngoko ke, izinto ezingaphakathi kwigumbi—ezifana neephaneli kunye nomgangatho—kufuneka zingabi navumba kwaye zingamelani nokungunda. Iishelufu zentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nomgangatho we-aluminiyam zisebenza kakuhle.

Amandla okugcina kunye nokubeka iliso. Iintyatyambo zizinto ezixabisekileyo. Nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli ekupholiseni kunokubangela ilahleko enkulu. Inkqubo yokulondoloza amandla ethembekileyo kunye ne-alamu iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo.

Ukusebenzisa iiphaneli zokukhusela i-polyurethane (PU) ezinobukhulu obuyi-100 mm kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Kwigumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo ezingama-20 m³, olo hlobo lokukhusela lunokonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15% yombane ngenyanga xa kuthelekiswa neephaneli ezingama-75 mm.

Ezi mpawu zenza igumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo libe thambileyo kwaye lisebenze kakuhle, ligcina intyatyambo nganye ikwinqanaba layo elifanelekileyo ixesha elide.

Imigaqo yoYilo

Ukuyila igumbi lokubanda leentyatyambo kufuna ulungelelwano phakathi kobuchwepheshe kunye nendalo. Inyathelo ngalinye loyilo kufuneka likhusele ubutsha beentyatyambo.

Misela iimfuno zokugcina. Chonga iintlobo zeentyatyambo, ubungakanani bokugcina, kunye nesantya sokuphuma kweentyatyambo. Umzekelo, ivenkile yeentyatyambo engama-50 m² idinga malunga ne-10 m³ yokugcina izinto ezibandayo zemihla ngemihla. Iindawo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi zinokufuna ngaphezulu kwe-200 m³.

Khetha iindawo ezifanelekileyo zobushushu. Ayizizo zonke iintyatyambo ezifuna ubushushu obufanayo. Abayili banokuhlulahlula igumbi libe ziindawo—2–5°C kwiintyatyambo ezinobushushu obufana neelilies, kunye ne-8–10°C kwiintlobo zezityalo ezishushu ezifana neeorchids.

Cwangcisa indlela yokubeka umoya. Indawo yokukhupha umoya akufuneki ijonge ngqo kwiintyatyambo. Ii-evaporators ezifakwe eluphahleni ezinee-air diffusers zisasaza umoya opholileyo kancinci. Indlela elungileyo yokubeka umoya ithintela ukufuma kwamagqabi kunye nokupholisa okungalinganiyo.

Sebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo. Iiphaneli zodonga nesilingi kufuneka zibe nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokwaleka okuchasene nokungunda. Iiphaneli zesandwich zePolyurethane okanye zePIR zisebenza kakuhle. Iindawo ze-aluminium okanye zentsimbi engatyiwayo ziyamelana nokufuma kwaye kulula ukuzicoca.

Yongeza ukukhanya kunye nomsebenzi wokubonisa. Amagumbi abandayo eentyatyambo kwiindawo zokuthengisa adla ngokuphindwe kabini njengeendawo zokubonisa. Ukusebenzisa izibane ze-LED ezimhlophe ezithambileyo (malunga nobushushu bombala obuyi-4000K) kuphucula umbala ngaphandle kobushushu.

Faka inkqubo yokulawula. Isilawuli esikrelekrele esirekhoda idatha sinceda ukulandelela ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nokusebenza kwefeni. Ukubeka iliso kude kuvumela ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza.

Igumbi lokubanda leentyatyambo eliyilwe kakuhle linceda iintyatyambo zigcine umswakama, umbala, kunye nevumba ixesha elide, okwenza indawo yokugcina ingabi yinto esebenzayo kuphela kodwa ikwanomtsalane emehlweni.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwimveliso kunye nokufakwa kwayo

Ukwakha igumbi lokubanda leentyatyambo kufuna ukuchaneka ukusuka kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwenye indawo. Inxalenye nganye kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yokugcina iintyatyambo.

Ukuveliswa kweephaneli. Abavelisi badla ngokwenza iiphaneli zesandwich ze-PU okanye ze-PIR ezinobukhulu obuyi-100 mm kunye noxinano olumalunga ne-40 kg/m³. Olu khuselo luqinisekisa uzinzo oluhle lobushushu. Iiphaneli zisikwa ngoomatshini be-CNC ukuze zifakwe ngokuqinileyo.

Uyilo lwecango. Iingcango kufuneka zivalwe kakuhle ukuze zingaphumi umoya. Iingcango zeglasi ezityibilikayo zisebenza kakuhle kumagumbi okubonisa iintyatyambo. Zivumela ukubukela lula kwaye zinciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu.

Inkqubo yokukhenkcisa. Iicompressor, iicondenser, kunye nee-evaporators kufuneka zilingane nomthwalo wokupholisa. Umzekelo, igumbi elingama-30 m³ linokufuna i-compressor engama-2.2 kW. Ii-evaporators kufuneka zisebenzise amaphiko amakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya kancinci.

Ukufakelwa. Isiseko kufuneka sibe semgangathweni kwaye singabi namanzi. Abafaki basebenzisa i-silicone sealant ukuvala iindawo zokudibanisa iiphaneli. Iintambo kunye nomsele wokuhambisa amanzi kufuneka zingabi nazintyatyambo ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi.

Uvavanyo kunye nokulinganiswa. Emva kokufakwa, inkqubo kufuneka isebenze iiyure ezingama-24 ukujonga ukusebenza. Iisensors zivavanywa kwiindawo ezininzi. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma okufanayo kufuneka kuhlale ngaphakathi kwe-±1°C kunye ne-±5%.

Ukugcinwa. Ukucoca rhoqo ngenyanga kunye nokutshintshwa kwesihluzo rhoqo ngekota kuthintela ukwakheka kwevumba. Umthengisi weentyatyambo eDubai ufumanise ukuba ukulungiswa rhoqo kwandisa ubomi bezixhobo ngama-20%.

Ukuveliswa nokufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi elibandayo leentyatyambo lisebenza kakuhle kwaye likhusela lonke igqabi.

Igumbi lokubanda leentyatyambo alikho nje kwindawo yokubanda. Lilungelelaniso olucokisekileyo lobushushu, ukufuma, ukuhamba komoya, kunye noyilo. Nokuba yivenkile encinci okanye indawo enkulu yokugcina izinto ngobuninzi, igumbi lokubanda leentyatyambo elakhiwe kakuhle liqinisekisa ukuba yonke into eqhakazayo ihlala intle ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina ukuya kwindawo yokuthengisa.